مروری بر سکوهای شبیه‌ساز سامانه‌های توزیع کلید کوانتومی
الموضوعات :
1 - مجتمع دانشگاهی علوم کاربردی نوین، دانشگاه صنعتی مالک اشتر، اصفهان، ايران
الکلمات المفتاحية: رمزنگاری کوانتومی, شبیه‌سازی توزیع کلید کوانتومی, اپتیک کوانتومی, آموزش مکانیک کوانتومی, بازی کوانتومی,
ملخص المقالة :
یکی از روش‌های مهم جهت دستیابی به ارتباط امن تضمین‌شده، به‌کارگیری توزیع کلید کوانتومی (QKD) است. درواقع، QKD به‌عنوان یک فناوری امنیتی میان‌رشته‌ای، از قوانین مکانیک کوانتوم جهت اشتراک‌گذاری کلید رمزنگاری یک‌بارمصرف استفاده می‌کند. از دیدگاه معماری، سامانه‌های QKD، سیستم‌های فیزیکی پیچیده و پرهزینه‌‌ای هستند که از قطعات سخت‌افزاری (شامل قطعات اپتیکی، لیزری، الکترواپتیکی، الکترونیکی و ..) و مؤلفه‌های نرم‌افزاری تشکیل شده‌اند. طراحی و تحلیل این سامانه‌ها نیاز به مهارت و تخصص در زمینه‌های مختلفی همچون اپتیک کوانتومی، نظریه اطلاعات، مهندسی برق (الکترونیک و مخابرات) و علوم کامپیوتر دارد. یکی از نیازهای اساسی مرتبط با اجرای چیدمان عملی یک سامانه QKD، استفاده از یک سکوی شبیه‌ساز است. به‌طور دقیق‌تر، انجام شبیه‌سازی قبل از چیدمان عملی، نقش مهمی در تحلیل و استخراج گلوگاه‌های مدل، حذف ریسک، افزایش سرعت و کاهش هزینه برپایی سامانه دارد. علاوه بر این، با به‌کارگیری شبیه‌سازی، امکان انتخاب زیرسامانه‌های بهینه نیز فراهم می‌گردد. در این مقاله، ملزومات و ملاحظات یک مدل ریاضی و یک سکوی شبیه‌ساز مناسب برای سامانه‌های QKD ارائه شده است. یک بررسی جامع بر روی انواع نرم‌افزارهای رایانه‌ای، زبان‌های برنامه‌نویسی، بسته‌ها و جعبه‌ابزارهای شبیه‌سازی سامانه‌های QKD صورت گرفته است. مهم‌ترین آزمایشگاه‌های مجازی و بازی‌های کوانتومی مناسب برای آموزش و طراحی سامانه‌های QKD بیان شده است. مزیت‌ها و محدودیت‌های هر آزمایشگاه بیان و با یکدیگر مقایسه شده است.
المصادر:
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