مروری بر سکوهای شبیه‌ساز سامانه‌های توزیع کلید کوانتومی
محورهای موضوعی : مهندسی برق و کامپیوتر
1 - مجتمع دانشگاهی علوم کاربردی نوین، دانشگاه صنعتی مالک اشتر، اصفهان، ايران
کلید واژه: رمزنگاری کوانتومی, شبیه‌سازی توزیع کلید کوانتومی, اپتیک کوانتومی, آموزش مکانیک کوانتومی, بازی کوانتومی,
چکیده مقاله :
یکی از روش‌های مهم جهت دستیابی به ارتباط امن تضمین‌شده، به‌کارگیری توزیع کلید کوانتومی (QKD) است. درواقع، QKD به‌عنوان یک فناوری امنیتی میان‌رشته‌ای، از قوانین مکانیک کوانتوم جهت اشتراک‌گذاری کلید رمزنگاری یک‌بارمصرف استفاده می‌کند. از دیدگاه معماری، سامانه‌های QKD، سیستم‌های فیزیکی پیچیده و پرهزینه‌‌ای هستند که از قطعات سخت‌افزاری (شامل قطعات اپتیکی، لیزری، الکترواپتیکی، الکترونیکی و ..) و مؤلفه‌های نرم‌افزاری تشکیل شده‌اند. طراحی و تحلیل این سامانه‌ها نیاز به مهارت و تخصص در زمینه‌های مختلفی همچون اپتیک کوانتومی، نظریه اطلاعات، مهندسی برق (الکترونیک و مخابرات) و علوم کامپیوتر دارد. یکی از نیازهای اساسی مرتبط با اجرای چیدمان عملی یک سامانه QKD، استفاده از یک سکوی شبیه‌ساز است. به‌طور دقیق‌تر، انجام شبیه‌سازی قبل از چیدمان عملی، نقش مهمی در تحلیل و استخراج گلوگاه‌های مدل، حذف ریسک، افزایش سرعت و کاهش هزینه برپایی سامانه دارد. علاوه بر این، با به‌کارگیری شبیه‌سازی، امکان انتخاب زیرسامانه‌های بهینه نیز فراهم می‌گردد. در این مقاله، ملزومات و ملاحظات یک مدل ریاضی و یک سکوی شبیه‌ساز مناسب برای سامانه‌های QKD ارائه شده است. یک بررسی جامع بر روی انواع نرم‌افزارهای رایانه‌ای، زبان‌های برنامه‌نویسی، بسته‌ها و جعبه‌ابزارهای شبیه‌سازی سامانه‌های QKD صورت گرفته است. مهم‌ترین آزمایشگاه‌های مجازی و بازی‌های کوانتومی مناسب برای آموزش و طراحی سامانه‌های QKD بیان شده است. مزیت‌ها و محدودیت‌های هر آزمایشگاه بیان و با یکدیگر مقایسه شده است.
One of the crucial methods to achieve guaranteed secure communication is the implementation of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). In fact, QKD, as an interdisciplinary security technology, utilizes the principles of quantum mechanics to share a one-time-pad encryption key. From an architectural perspective, QKD systems are complex and costly physical systems composed of hardware components (including optical, laser, electro-optical, electronic, etc.) and software elements. The design and analysis of these systems require skills and expertise in various fields such as quantum optics, information theory, electrical engineering (electronics and telecommunications), and computer science. One of the fundamental needs related to the practical implementation of a QKD system is using a simulation platform. More precisely, conducting simulations before practical implementation plays a significant role in analyzing and identifying model bottlenecks, mitigating risks, increasing speed, and reducing setup costs. Additionally, by employing simulations, the selection of optimal subsystems is also facilitated. This article presents the requirements and considerations for a mathematical model and a suitable simulation platform for QKD systems. A comprehensive review of various computer software, programming languages, packages, and toolboxes for simulating QKD systems is conducted. The most important virtual labs and quantum games suitable for the education and design of QKD systems are discussed. The advantages and limitations of each laboratory are stated and compared with each other.
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