Analysis of a Few Words in Shahnameh: East and Northwest Iranian
الموضوعات : نشریه زبان و ترجمهRoghayeh Karimzadeh Naghshineh 1
1 - Tehran South Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: Shahname, word, origin, northwest, Sogdian, Eastern Iranian,
ملخص المقالة :
Persian, a southwest-origin language, comprises various Parthian and Northwestern dialects as well asnumerous loanwords adopted from East Iranian languages, specifically Sogdian. Loanwords are anatural phenomenon in all languages. They are the product of ethnic mixture and cultural intercoursesbetween different folks. In addition to tribal contact between Sogdians and Parthians, the advent ofsuperdialect and literature account for the entrance of East and Northwest words in the Persianlanguage.Shahnameh has left behind a compilation of ancient-origin East and Northwest vocabularyin Modern Persian some of which have fallen out of use with time. These now-obsolete words couldmerely be found in dictionaries, formal texts, and reference books. They are archaic words and rarelyused. Employing synchrony, diachronic, and comparative methods, this paper dissects the morphology ofthe following words: East Iranian Āvāza (fame), FaƔfūr (the emperor of China), Tāl ō māl (to getscattered), SitēƔ (mountain peak, straight, high, firm), Faž (agony, pain, impurity), RāƔ (plain, slopeof a mountain and also mountain), ČuƔd (owl), Zēvar (ornament, decoration), āƔāz idan, ĀƔāz (tostart), Butfōz (chin, snout), Sangsār (stoning), Rež (desire), žiƔār (scream, loud voice), kās (pig), yāfa(idle talk, backbiting), ĀruƔda (wild, terrifying, violent), Pasečīdan./PasēIJīdan (to get ready, to prepare),lanIJ (to take out, bring out), Alfanĵidan (to stockpile, to combine, to obtain or achieve).Northwest Iranian Āžīr, -Žāla,- Žerf,- žiyān, - Bahr,- Sipihr, - Hužīr, - Herbod,- Zafar,- Barzan, -Zam,- Burz,- Andarz,- Taham,- Sipenj, - Sipāh, - yala, - yāra, - yawa, - yazidan.
Persian References
Dehkhoda, AliAkba r. (1996/ 1373). Loghatnameye Dehkhoda. 14 volumes. Tehran.
Ferdowsi, Abolghasem. (2012/1391). Shahnameh. By Jalal Khaleghi Motlagh. 8 volumes. Tehran. Markaz dayerato’l Ma’arefe Bozorge Eslami.
Hasandoost, Mohammad (2010/1389). Farhange Tatbighi- Mozo’I Zabanha va Goyeshhaye Irani No. 1st &2nd vol. 1st ed. Tehran. Farhangestan Zaban o Adab Farsi.
Hsandoost, Mohammad (2014/1393). Farhange Rishehshnakhtiye Zabane Farsi. Vol: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Tehran. Farhangstan Zaban va Adab farsi.
Kazzazi, Mir Jalalo’ ddin(2005/1384). Nameye Bastan. 1st to 9th vol. 5th ed. Tehran. Samt Publication.
Khalafe Tabrizi, Mohammad Hosein. (1978/1357), Borhane qate, five volumes. Tehran. Amirkabir Publication.
Khaleghi Motagh, Jalal (2014/1393), Yaddashthaye Shahnameh, 9,10,11th Volumes. 3rd ed. Tehran. Markaze Dayerato’l Maarefe Bozorg Eslami Publication (markaz Pajoheshhaye Irani va Eslami).
Nooshin, Abdo’l Hosein. (1992/1369). Vajeh Namak. 3rd ed. Tehran. Donya Publication.
Safa, Zabihollah(2008/1387). Hemasesaraii Dar Iran. Tehran. Ferdows Publication.
Zanjani, Mahmood. (1995/ 1372). Farhange Jame’e Shahnameh. Tehran. Ata’I Publication.
Latin References
Asatrian G. S (2011) A comparative vocabulary of central Iranian dialects. Tehran, Safir Ardehal publications
Asatrian G. S (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Persian, Yerevan State University,
Bailey H. W (1934). Iranian Studies 3, Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London, vol 7, No 2 (pp. 275-298)
Benzing J (1983), Chwaresmischer Wortindex; mit einer Einleitung von H. Humbach; herausgegeben von Z. Taraf, Wiesbaden
Henning W. B (1939), Sogdian Loan-words in New Persian, Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London, vol 10, part 1 (pp. 94-106)
Henning W. B (1940), Sogdica, James G. Forlong Fund, vol 21, London.
Lenzt, W. 1926. Die nordiranischen Elemente in der neupersischen Literatursprache bei
Tafazzoli Ahmad (1993), Quelques mots savants d'origine pehlevie dans le Šāhnāme, Studia Iranica, vol 22/1 (pp. 7-13)
Zarshenas Zohreh (2004), Sogdian’’wzyy”, The Spirit of Wisdom, ed {Mēnōg ī Xrad} (Essays in Memory of Ahmad Tafazzoli). U.S.A: Mazda Publisher (pp 244-248). (English)
Andreas-Henning (1933), Mitteliranische Manichaica aus Chinesisch-Turkestan, 2, Berlin (SPAW)
Bartolomae Ch (1904), Altiranisches Wörterbuch. Berlin: Strassburg, K. J. Trübner
Horn, P (1907), Ross und Reiter im Šāhnāme, ZDMG 61 (pp. 837-949)
Horn, P., 1893, Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie, Strassburg, K. ǰ., Trübner
Wolff F (1965), Glossar Zu Firdosis Schahname. Berlin: (repr. Hildesheim: George Olms) Verlage Buchhandluung