Influence of Wet and Dry Season on Milk Composition of Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius) from Tunisia
الموضوعات :اچ. حامد 1 , ا. ال فکی 2 , ا. گرگوری 3
1 - Departement des Science de la Vie, Faculte des Science de Sfax, Unite de Physiopathologie Environnementale, Valorisation des Molecules Bioactives et Modelisation Mathematique, Sfax, Tunisia
2 - Departement des Science de la Vie, Faculte des Science de Sfax, Unite de Physiopathologie Environnementale, Valorisation des Molecules Bioactives et Modelisation Mathematique, Sfax, Tunisia
3 - Departement des Science de la Vie, Faculte des Science de Sfax, Unite de Physiopathologie Environnementale, Valorisation des Molecules Bioactives et Modelisation Mathematique, Sfax, Tunisia
الکلمات المفتاحية: chemical composition, Season, Camel milk, casein fractions,
ملخص المقالة :
This study investigated the effect of season (wet and dry) on milk composition of the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius). Milk samples representing the wet and dry seasons were analyzed for total solids (TS), fat (F), solids-non-fat (SNF), ash, crude protein (CP), nitrogen soluble at pH 4.6 (SN), mineral content (MC) and casein fraction (CnF). Camel milk had higher (P<0.05) fat content in the wet season. Crude protein, TS, SNF and SN contents (%) were also higher (P<0.01) during the wet season. Ash content was similar (P>0.05) in the two seasons. The concentrations of Mg, Na and K were affected by season while the concentrations of Ca and Cl were not. The results from the present study indicate that the increase of milk CnF observed in the wet season was not due to the increase in β-casein and α1-casein contents. Among caseins, the κ-casein and α2-casein fractions did not differ between the two seasons. Conversely, milk from summer camels showed higher contents of αs1-casein and β-casein. It was concluded that the effects of season on the chemical composition of camel milk may impact the processing characteristics of camel milk.
Alim N., Fondrini F., Bounizi I., Felligini M. and Enne G. (2005). Characterisation of casein fractions from Algerian dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) milk. Pakistan J. Nutr. 4, 112-116.
Bekele T., Lunderheim N. and Dahlbron K. (2011). Milk feeding and feeding behaviour in the camel (Camelus dromedarius) during 4 watering regimens. J. Dairy Sci. 94, 1310-1317.
Bernabucci U., Lacetera N., Ronchi B. and Nardone A. (2002). Effects of the hot season on milk protein fractions in Holstein cows. Anim. Res. 51, 25-33.
Bertoni G., Calamari L., Maianti G. and Battistotti B. (2005). Milk for protected denomination of origin (PDO) cheeses: I. The main required features. Pp. 217-228 in Indicators of Milk and Beef Quality. J. F. Hocquette and S. Gigli, Ed. EAAP Pubblication No. 112, Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Biye C., Michael J. and Lewis Alistair S. (2014). Effect of seasonal variation on the composition and properties of raw milk destined for processing in the UK. Food Chem. 158, 216-223.
Elvan O. and Sebnem S. (2008). The effect of seasonal variation on the composition of cow milk in Van province. Pakistan J. Nutr. 7, 161-164.
Guler Z. (2007). Levels of 24 minerals in local goat milk, its strained yoghurt and salted yoghurt (tuzlu yogurt). Small Rumin. Res. 71, 130-137.
Haddadin M.S.Y., Gammoh S.I. and Robinson R.K. ( 2008). Seasonal variations in the chemical composition of camel milk in Jordan. J. Dairy Res. 75, 8-12.
Hermansen J.E., Ostersen S., Justesen N.C. and Aaes O. (1999). Effects of dietary protein supply on caseins, whey proteins, proteolysis and renneting properties in milk from cows grazing clover or N-fertilized grass, J. Dairy Res. 66, 193-205.
International Dairy Federation. (2002). Milk and Milk Products. Determination of Nitrogen Content. Routine Method Using Combustion According to the Dumas Principle. Geneva (Switzerland), IDF Standard Publisher, Brussels, Belgium.
International Dairy Federation. (1981). Milk Determination of Fat Content. Gerber Butyrometers, Brussels, Belgium.
Kenzhebulat S., Ermuhan B. and Tleuov A. ( 2000). Composition of camel milk and its use in the treatment of infectious diseases in human. Pp. 101 in Proc. 2nd Camelid Conf. Agroecon. Camelid Farming, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Konuspayeva G., Faye B. and Loiseau G. (2009). The composition of camel milk: A meta-analysis of the literature data. J. Food Comp. Anal. 22, 95-101.
Kroeker E.M., Ng-Kwai-Hang K.F., Hayes J.F. and Moxley J.E. (1985). Effects of environmental factors and milk protein polymorphism on composition of casein fraction in bovine milk. J. Dairy Sci. 68, 1752-1757.
Lorenzen P., Wernery R., Johnson B., Jose S. and Wernery U. (2011). Evaluation of indigenous enzyme activities in raw pasteurized camel milk. Small Rumin. Res. 97, 79-82.
Ma Y., Barbano D. and Santos M. ( 2003). Effect of CO2 addition to raw milk on proteolysis and lipolysis at 4 ˚C. J. Dairy Sci. 86, 1616-1631.
Mackle T.R., Bryant A.M., Petch S.F., Hill J.P. and Auldist M.J. (1999). Nutritional influences on the composition of milk from cows of different protein phenotypes in New Zealand. J. Dairy Sci. 82, 172-180.
Mal G., Sena D.S., Jain V.K. and Sahani M.S. ( 2006). Therapeutic value of camel milk as a nutritional supplement for multiple drug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis patients. Israel J. Vet. Med. 61, 88-91.
Marshall R.T. (1993). Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products. American Public Health Association, Washinton, DC.
Nagy P., Faye B., Marko O., Thomas S., Wernery U. and Juhasz J. (2013). Microbiological quality and somatic cell count in bulk milk of dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) descriptive statics, correlations and factors of variation. J. Dairy Sci. 96, 1-5.
Pabst K. (1994). Die bedeuntung von milchprotein-varianten für die herstellung von käse. J. Milch. Forsch. 46, 263-274.
Rao A. and Mishra S. (2010). An assessment of the nutritional profile of milk in different seasons and locations in Varanasi through modern laboratory techniques. Indian J. Prev. Soc. Med. 41, 237-239.
Remeuf F. (1994). Relation entre caractéristiques physico-chimiques et aptitudes fromagères des laits. Rec. Med. Vet. 170, 359-365.
Ribadeau-Dumas B. and Grappin R. (1989). Milk protein analysis. Lait. 69, 357-416.
Sallam A.B., Ali M.A.M. and Abdel Moneim M.A.N. (2008). Camels (Camelus dromedarius) under pastoral systems in North Kordofan, Sudan: Seasonal and parity effects on milk composition. J. Camel. Sci. 1, 32-36.
Sevi A., Albenzio M., Marino R., Santillo A. and Muscio A. (2004). Effects of lambing season and stage of lactation on ewe milk quality. Small Rum. Res. 51, 251-259.
Sharma R.B., Manish K. and Pathak V. (2002). Effect of differents seasons on Cross bred cow milk composition and Paneer yield in Sub-Himalayan Region. Asian-Australas J. Anim. Sci. 15, 528-530.
Shuiep E.S., El Zubeir I.E.M., El Owni O.A.O. and Musa H.H. (2008). Influence of season and management on composition of raw cow camel (Camelus dromedarius). Trop. Subtrop. Agroecosys. 8, 101-106.
Todorova D. (1998). Influence of the diet and season alteration on the cow’s milk composition and properties. Belgium J. Agric. Sci. 4, 525-530.
