Investigating Ideological Manipulation in Subtitling Based on Farahzad’s CDA Model: A Case Study of The Salesman

Subject Areas : All areas of language and translation

Golnaz Borumad ¹ , Mina Zandrahimi ² , Zeinab Mahdavi ³

1 - MA in Translation Studies, Department of Foreign Languages, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran
2 - MA in Translation Studies, Department of Foreign Languages, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran
3 - MA in Translation Studies, Department of Foreign Languages, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran

Received: 2019-02-27 Accepted : 2019-02-27 Published : 2018-10-01

Keywords: strategies, Ideology, Manipulation, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), Subtitles,

Abstract :

Translation plays an important role in conveying and manipulating ideologies. Accordingly, this study sought to analyze the ideological elements in the English subtitles of the Persian movie The Salesman. The framework to find the driven ideological strategies in the translation of the Persian audio of the same movie was based on the critical discourse analysis (CDA) model inspired by Fairclough and proposed by Farahzad. Following the data analysis, the researchers found that the most frequently applied ideological manipulation strategies were related to social power relationship. Next came ideologically significant lexical choices fol- lowed by agency. The fourth most frequently applied ideological manipulation strategies were traces of both modality and nominalization while the least frequent strategies were tense, positive/negative, and coordina- tion/subordination. Furthermore, no samples of passivization/activization as means of ideological manipula- tion were found. Moreover, the translator had used frequent strategies such as deletion and addition, which were not included in the very same model. Ultimately, the study revealed that ideological manipulation oc- curred mostly in subjects concerning the rights of women in society, the patriarchal system of Iran, religious expression in daily conversation, as well as Iranian norms and their religious culture. The findings further proved the significance of ideology and power relations in the text and the ubiquitous need to be aware of the means of representing ideology in texts and thus how to analyze texts ideologically.

References:

Barnes, N. (2014). Ideology in Translation Retrieved from Johannesburg, South Africa.: http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/handle/1053 9/16983

Bocock, R., & Thomson, K. (1985). Religion and Ideology: A Reader. Manchester: Manchester University Press in Association with the Open University.

Diaz-Cintas, J. (2003). Audiovisual translation in third millennium. In G. Anderman & M. Rogers (Eds.), Translation today: Trends and perspectives (pp. 192-204). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

Diaz-Cintas, J., & Remael, A. (2014). Audiovisual translation: Subtitling. Manchester: St Jerome.

Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. london: longman.

Fairclough, N. (1995). Critical discourse analysis: The critical study of language. UK: Longman Group Limited.

Farahzad, F. (2012). Translation criticism: A three dimentional model. Translation Studies, 9(36), 39-44.

Fois, E. (2012). Audiovisual Translation: Theory and Practice. Between, 4, 1-16.

Ghaemi, F., & Benyamin, J. (2010). Strategies used in the Translation of Interlingual Subtitling. Journal of English Studies, 1, 39-44.

Hawkins, B. (2001). Incorporating tension: On the treatment of ideology in cognitive linguistics. In B. H. R. Dirven & E. Sandikcioglu (Eds.), language and ideology:Theoretical cognitive approaches (Vol. 1, pp. 1-22). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

Khoshsaligheh, M., & Fazeli-haghpanah, E. (2015). The process and features of unprofessional subtitling in Iran. language and translation studies 2, 67- 95.

Luyken, G. M., Herbst, T., Langham-Brown, J., Reid, H., & Spinhof, H. (1991). Overcoming Language Barriers in Television: Dubbing and Subtitling for the European Audience. Manchester: European Institute for the Media.

Matkivska, N. (2014). Audiovisual Translation: Conception, Types, Character's speech and Translation Strategies Applied. Studies About Languages, 25, 38-44.

Mousavi, M. (2010). Strategies in Subtitling of Black English Movies. thesis. Azad University Tehran, Iran.

Munday, J. (2008). The Relations of Style and Ideology in Translation: A case study of Harriet de Onís In L. en Pegenaute, J. Decesaris, & M. y. B. Tricas, E (Eds.), Actas del III Congreso Internacional de la Asociación Ibérica de Estudios de Traducción e Interpretación.La traducción del futuro: mediación lingüístca y cultural en el siglo XXI. (pp. 57-68). Barcelona: Promociones y Publicaciones Universitarias.

Nedergaard-Larsen, B. (1993). Culture-bound problems in subtitling. Perspectives: Studies in Translatology, 1(2), 207-240. doi:10.1080/0907676X.1993.9961214

Panda, K. A. (2013). Politics and Translation. The Criterion. An International Journal in English, 4(2), 1-7.

Saldanha, G., & O’Brien, S. (2013). Research methodologies in translation studies. Manchester, UK

Kinderhook, USA: St. Jerome Publishing. Schaffner, C. (2003). Third ways and new centers: Ideological or difference? In M. Calzada Pereze (Ed.), Apropos of ideology (pp. 23-43). Manchester: St.

Jerome.
Sokoli, S.(2009). Subtitling Norms in Greece and Spai. In J. Diaz Cintas, & G. Anderman (Eds), Audiovisual Translation. Language Transfer on Screen (pp. 36-49).Basingstoke, UK:

Palgrave Macmillan.
Tejerina, A. M. (2014). Subtitling for Film

Festivals: process, techniques and challenges. TRANS: revista de traductología, 18, 215-225.

Toury, G. (1995). Descriptive translation studies- and beyond. Amesterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

Van Dijk, T. A. (1995). Ideological discourse analysis. Special issue Interdisciplinary approaches to Discourse Analysis, 4, 135-161.

Van Dijk, T. A. (2001). Multidisciplinary CDA: A plea for diversity. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of critical discourse analysis (pp. 95-120). London: Sage Publication.