بررسی عملکرد و بهره‌وری آب در تناوب گندم-کلزا-ذرت تحت تاثیر سامانه‌های مختلف خاک‌ورزی در شرایط اقلیمی یزد
محورهای موضوعی : بهینه سازی مصرف آب
غلامحسن رنجبر
1
,
محمد حسن رحیمیان
2
,
حسین بیرامی
3
,
سید علی طباطبایی
4
,
محمدرضا فلاطونی
5
1 - دانشیار مرکز ملی تحقیقات شوری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران
2 - مرکز ملی تحقیقات شوری، یزد، ایران
3 - استادیار، مرکز ملی تحقیقات شوری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران
4 - دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی یزد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران
5 - کارشناس، سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان یزد، ایران
کلید واژه: بسترهای بلند دائمی, بقایای گیاهی, بی‌خاک‌ورزی, جاب پلنتر, کشاورزی حفاظتی ,
چکیده مقاله :
این مطالعه به‌منظور مقایسه روش‌های خاک‌ورزی مرسوم و حفاظتی بر روی بسترهای بلند دائمی و بی‌خاک‌ورزی با ماشین‌های اسفوجیا (SFOGGIA) و جاب پلنتر (Jab Planter) در یک تناوب گندم-کلزا-ذرت علوفه‌ای، در استان یزد به عنوان یک منطقه خشک طی ساله‌های 1399-1397 انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد دانه گندم در تیمار بسترهای بلند دائمی به‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از سایر تیمارها بود. عملکرد دانه گندم در تیمارهای خاک ورزی مرسوم، كاشت بر روی بسترهای بلند دائمی، بدون خاک‌ورزی با ماشین اسفوجیا و کاشت با ماشین بدون خاک‌ورزی جاب پلنتر به‌ترتیب 4/4422، 4/5186، 5/3761 و 1/3547 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در کلزا بدون اختلاف معنی‌دار در تیمارهای خاک‌ورزی مرسوم و کاشت بر روی پشته های دائمی بدست آمد. بیشترین وزن‌تر علوفه ذرت (71021 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار كاشت بر روی بسترهای بلند دائمی بدست آمد که از نظر آماری با تیمار بی‌خاک‌ورزی کاشت با ماشین اسفوجیا و جاب پلنتر تفاوت معنی‌دار نداشت. وزن تر علوفه ذرت در تیمار خاک‌ورزی مرسوم به میزان 29 درصد کمتر از تیمار کاشت بر روی بسترهای بلند دائمی بود. همچنین کاربرد روش کاشت روی بسترهای بلند حجم آب مصرفی را بین 20 الی 23 درصد در مقایسه با روش کاشت مرسوم کاهش داد. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که با اجرای خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی و حفظ بقایا در مناطق اقلیمی خشکی مانند استان یزد، می‌توان ضمن کاهش تبخیر از سطح خاک به بهبود بهره‌وری آب و افزایش عملکرد گیاهان زراعی کمک نمود. روش کاشت بر روی بسترهای بلند دائمی با توجه به مصرف آب کمتر و عملکرد بیشتر می‌تواند مناسب‌تر باشد.
This study was conducted to compare conventional tillage with conservation methods of permanent raised bed (PRB), no-till with SFOGGIA (NTs), and no-till with Jab Planter (NTj) equipment’s, in a wheat- rapeseed-corn cropping system in Yazd province as an arid region. Results showed wheat grain yield in PRB treatment was significantly higher than the other treatments. Wheat grain yield in CT, PRB and NTs and NTj treatments were 4422.4, 5186.4, 3762.5 and 3547.1 kg ha-1, respectively. The highest seed yield for rapeseed was obtained at CT and PRB treatments with no significant differences. The highest fresh weight of corn forage was observed in PRB treatment (71021 kg ha-1) which was not statistically different from fresh weight in NTs and NTj treatments. The fresh weight of corn forage in CT treatment was 29% lower than the fresh weight in PRB treatment. Application of PRB planting method also reduced the volume of applied water by 20% to 23% compared to the CT method. Results of the study showed that by using conservation tillage and preserving plant residues in arid regions such as Yazd province, it is possible to increase yield and water productivity as well as reducing evaporation from the soil surface. Due to less water consumption and higher yield, PRB planting method could be more suitable.
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