ارزیابی بهره‌وری آب سیب‌زمینی در شرایط کم‌آبیاری با استفاده از رهیافت مدل‌سازی
محورهای موضوعی : بهینه سازی مصرف آب
مهسا مصطفوی
1
,
یوسف هاشمی‌نژاد
2
,
محمد آرمین
3
,
حمید مروی
4
,
کوروش شجاعی
5
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد سبزوار، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، سبزوار، ایران
2 - استادیار، مرکز ملی تحقیقات شوری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران
3 - استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد سبزوار، سبزوار، ایران
4 - استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد سبزوار، سبزوار، ایران
5 - استادیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران
کلید واژه: اعتبار‌سنجی, شبیهسازی, عملکرد, SWAP,
چکیده مقاله :
این تحقیق به‌منظور ارزيابي عملکرد و بهره‌وري آب سيب‌زميني تحت شرایط کم‌آبیاری با استفاده از مدل SWAP در قطب‌هاي عمده سيب‌زميني‌کاري استان خراسان رضوي شامل فریمان، قوچان و گلمکان در سال 1398 به اجرا درآمد. ابتدا توانایی مدل در شبیهسازی شاخص سطح برگ و عملکرد سیب‌زمینی براساس اندازه‌گیری‌های انجام‌شده از مزارعِ هر سه منطقه موردارزیابی قرار گرفت. سپس با استفاده از مدل ارزیابی‌شده، عملکرد و بهره‌وری آب سیب‌زمینی تحت سناریوهای مختلف آبیاری و کم‌آبیاری شامل آبیاری مرسوم، آبیاری بر اساس 100، 90، 80، 70، 60 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی شبیهسازی شد. نتایج نشان داد که مدل SAWP در تمامی مناطق دارای قدرت خوب (R2>0/89) و دقت بالایی در شبیهسازی شاخص سطح برگ (RMSE<0/73) بود. قدرت و دقت مدل SAWP در شبیهسازی عملکرد (R2=0/96 و RMSE=908/5 kg ha-1) و بهره‌وری آب (R2=0/93 و RMSE=0/5 kg m-3) سیب‌زمینی نیز به‌ترتیب بالا و قابل‌قبول بود. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که با کاهش میزان آب مصرفی نسبت به آبیاری کامل تا 50 درصد نیاز آبی، عملکرد سیب‌زمینی روند کاهشی داشت. میزان کاهش عملکرد به‌ازای هر یک درصد کاهش در میزان آب آبیاری در قوچان، فریمان و گلمکان به‌ترتیب 97/255 و 19/120 و 62/78 کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌دست آمد. میزان بهره‌وری آب نیز با اعمال کم‌آبیاری تا 50 درصد نیاز آبی در گلمکان و فریمان و تا 90 درصد نیاز آبی در قوچان افزایش یافت. به‌طورکلی، با اتخاذ سناریوی کم‌آبیاری مدیریت‌شده در سطح 80 درصد نیاز آبی در گلمکان و فریمان و 90 درصد نیاز آبی در قوچان ضمن حفظ عملکرد در حد مطلوب می‌توان بهره‌وری آب را نسبت به آبیاری کامل بهبود داد.
This study was conducted in order to evaluate the SWAP model to simulating yield and water productivity of potato under deficit irrigation conditions in the main potato cultivation regions of Razavi Khorasan province, including Fariman, Ghoochan, and Golmkan in 2019. First, the model performance to simulate the leaf area index and potato yield was evaluated based on the measurements taken from the fields of three locations. Then, using the evaluated model, the potato yield and water productivity were simulated under different irrigation and deficit irrigation scenarios, including irrigation based on farmer management, and 100, 90, 80, 70, 60 and 50% of potato water requirement. The results showed that the SAWP model had good performance in simulating potato leaf area index (R2>0.89 and RMSE<0.73), yield (R2=0.96 and RMSE=5.908 kg ha-1), and water productivity (R2=0.93 and RMSE=0.5 kg m-3). Compared to full irrigation, by reducing irrigation water amount to 50% of the water requirement, the potato yield decreased. The amount of yield decrease for each one percent decrease in the amount of irrigation water in Ghoochan, Fariman, and Golmkan was 255.97, 120.19 and 78.62 kg ha-1, respectively. The potato water also increased by using deficit irrigation up to 50% of the water requirement in Golmkan and Fariman and up to 90% of the water requirement in Ghoochan. In general, by adopting the deficit irrigation at the level of 80% of the water requirement in Golmakan and Fariman and 90% of the water requirement in Ghoochan, it is possible to improve the water productivity compared to full irrigation while maintaining the optimum yield.
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