ارتباط با دیگری از دیدگاه گابریل مارسل و بازتاب آن در نمایش شیرفهم
محورهای موضوعی : فلسفه
کلید واژه: گابریل مارسل, ارتباط با دیگری, نمایش‌نامه, شیرفهم,
چکیده مقاله :
گابریل مارسل فیلسوف ْ، موسیقی‌دان و نمایش‌نامه‌نویس معاصر فرانسوی است که میان آثار فلسفی و هنری او پیوند نزدیکی وجود دارد. یکی از موضوعات فلسفی مورد علاقه‌ی مارسل، خود و ارتباط آن با دیگری است. از نظر او، فرد در شرایط اجتماعی از وجود خود آگاه میشود. دیگران با تحسین یا نکوهش کنش فرد سبب می‌شوند تا فرد از خود آگاه شود. به بیانی، دیگری یک واسطه‌ی کمکی و موقتی است که از راه آن فرد می‌تواند تصویری معین، یک بت از خود بسازد. ارتباط فرد با دیگری یا می‌تواند ارتباطی حقیقی باشد که مارسل با عنوان رابطه من-تو یاد می‌کند؛ و یا ارتباطی باشد که رابطه‌ی حقیقی به سطح چیزوارگی یا من-آن فروکاسته شود. نمایش‌نامه‌های مارسل از آثار فلسفی او جدا نیست؛ در نمایش‌ها جوابی قطعی وجود ندارد بلکه راهی به سوی مخاطب گشوده میشود تا بتواند پاسخی اصیل برای چالش دراماتیک طرح شده در نمایش را بیابد. نمایش‌نامه‌های مارسل راهی است برای فهم بهتر آثار فلسفی او؛ جایی که مخاطب به شکل عینی با مسائل انضمامی اندیشه‌ی او درگیر میشود. مسأله‌ی ارتباط انسان با دیگری در بسیاری از نمایش‌نامه‌های مارسل از جمله شیرفهم مطرح شده است. رابطه‌ی تنگاتنگ میان اندیشه‌ی فلسفی، ارتباط با دیگری، و مضمون نمایش‌نامه شیرفهم مورد نظراین مقاله است تا سخن مارسل به شکل عینی تجربه شود. از نظر او، هنگامی که انسان با دیگری ارتباطی غیراصیل دارد حاصلش چیزی جز سردرگمی نیست.
and playwright. There is a close relationship between his philosophical and artistic works. It can even be said that reading his dramas provides a ground for understanding his philosophical concepts. One of the favorite philosophical themes for Marcel is “man” and his relationship with the other. Man is a unique subject, not an isolated one; he is not an Island. Through the history of philosophy, this man, the subject, and his relation to others has been an object of philosophical inquiries. From the cradle to the grave, there has been no time man has been absolutely alone. So his being is a being–through others and his existence implies the existence of others. This has been the gospel of contemporary existentialists, including Gabriel Marcel whose existentialism is basically theistic. In his view, the individual becomes aware of himself through social circumstances. Marcel developed the I-Thou relationship, which became an attempt to restore the fragmented and fallen dignity of the interpersonal relationship. Moreover, Marcel reflected upon certain experiences metaphysically implied in the I-Thou relationship. These form the foundations or basis of any authentic mode of interpersonal relationship. However, my relationship with others is determined by the type of relationship that exists between us. In other words, I, as a human being, can exist or act in one of the two ways: I can exist and relate lovingly and authentically with others, which Marcel calls the I-Thou relationship; or I can relate inauthentically to others -as I would relate to any object, tool, or instrument- which is the I–it (or he or she) relationship. Marcel's plays do not provide answers; rather, they do suggest paths for reflection, through which we might discover an authentic response to the challenge of the dramatic situation. The situations we witness in Marcel's plays often show us how relationships can go sour and become inauthentic. The story of the play affects us, because we recognize aspects of ourselves in the characters. What Marcel shows us in his plays (the comedies excepted) is the darker side of interpersonal relationships. There is always room for hope, but hope does not take away the suffering and pain people inflict on themselves and others. In his plays, Marcel shows great respect for what he calls human dignity. He does not judge, but simply shows us how people are, and, consequently, how we ourselves could be as well. Watching or reading a Marcel’s play makes us feel slightly uncomfortable. What we see or read confronts us with ourselves and forces us to think about issues that have to do with relationships. In this paper, the way this issue has reflected in his drama, Dot the I, has been investigated
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