بازنمود زنانگی در شعر پروین اعتصامی بر مبنای دیدگاه الین شوالتر (روان‌شناسانه، جامعه‌شناسانه، زیست‌شناسانه و زبان‌شناسانه)

محورهای موضوعی : ادبیات فارسی

مهدی رستمی ¹ (استادیار، گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه سلمان فارسی، کازرون، ایران)
زهره دهقانی ² (دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد زبان و ادبیات فارسی، گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی،ردانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه سلمان فارسی، کازرون،)

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/12/27 تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/01/15 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/04/01

کلید واژه: پروین اعتصامی, باز نمود زنانگی, الین شوالتر,

چکیده مقاله :

هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی بازنمود زنانگی در شعر پروین اعتصامی بر مبنای دیدگاه الین شوالتر(روان‌شناسانه، جامعه‌شناسانه، زیست‌شناسانه و زبان‌شناسانه) می باشد. جامعه پژوهش مجموعه اشعار پروین اعتصامی بود. نمونه پژوهش مطالب مربوط به محتوای زنانه در اشعار پروین اعتصامی بود. روش پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی است. گرد آوری داده ها از طریق روش کتابخانه ای انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که بر اساس الگوی چهارگانه شوالتر یعنی دیدگاه روان‌شناسانه، جامعه‌شناسانه، زیست‌شناسانه و زبان‌شناسانه مشخص شد پروین اعتصامی نه تنها زبانی زنانه دارد بلکه با وجود نداشتن تجربه مادری، می‌توان حس مادرانه را در اشعار او دریافت کرد. اعتصامی از نظر روان شناختی و روان کاوی دارای خصوصیات و حس مادرانه، توجه و همدردی با زنان و عشق به همسر است. از منظر جامعه‌شناسانه و فرهنگی نیز دغدغۀ ارتقای جایگاه زنان در جامعه دارد و آنان را به کسب موقعیت‌های بالاتر تشویق می‌کند. زبان‌شناسی اشعار اعتصامی بیش از هر چیز نشان دهندۀ ویژگی نوشتار زنانه اوست. تنها یکی از الگوهای شوالتر در دیوان اعتصامی مشاهده نشد وآن رویکرد زیست‌شناسانه است. بسیاری از شاعران و نویسندگان معاصر از تجربیات زنانه خود و تجربیاتی که خاص جنس آن هاست گفته اند. اما حیای اعتصامی مانع از آن بوده که از این ویژگی‌ها در اشعارش استفاده کند بدین ترتیب داده‌ای مطابق این رویکرد در دیوان او مشاهده نشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The current research was purposed to study femininity representation in Parvin E'tesami 's poetry based on Elaine Showalter's theory i.e. psychological, sociological, biological and linguistics approach. The research universe encompassed Parvin E'tesami 's collected poetry. The sample encased all femininity related contents in Parvin E'tesami 's poetry. The research was designed as descriptive-analytical. The data was collected via library method. The results indicated; based on Showalter's quadruple model i.e., psychological, sociological, biological, and linguistic perspectives, it was determined. Parveen Etsami not only had a feminine language, but despite not having the experience of motherhood, one could get a sense of motherhood in her poems. In terms of psychology and psychoanalysis, E'tesami had characteristics and maternal feeling, attention and sympathy for women and love for wife. From a sociological and cultural point of view, she was concerned about improving the position of women in the society and encourages them to obtain higher positions. Linguistics of Etsami's poems showed more than anything the characteristic of her female writing. Only one of Showalter's models was not observed in E'tesami 's poetry and that was the biological approach. Many contemporary poets and writers had spoken about their female experiences and the experiences that are specific to their gender; but Etisami's modesty prevented her from using these features in her poems. Thus, no data according to this approach was observed in her court.

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