نقش سواد فناورانه در تمایل به کارآفرینی دانشجویان مهندسی: یافتههای مطالعه ترکیبی
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسیعلی ترکاشوند 1 , فرهاد سراجی 2
1 - کارشناس ارشد مطالعات برنامهدرسی، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بوعلیسینا، همدان، ایران.
2 - دانشیار مطالعات برنامهدرسی، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بوعلیسینا، همدان، ایران.
کلید واژه: کارآفرینی فناورانه, سواد فناورانه, تمایل به کارآفرینی, مهندسی, فناوری,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی نقش سواد فناورانه در تمایل به کارآفرینی دانشجویان مهندسی بود. این پژوهش با رویکرد ترکیبی و طرح اکتشافی انجام شد. در مرحلۀ کیفی با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری ملاکمحور با 15 نفر از دانشجویان کارآفرین مصاحبۀ نیمهساختار یافتهای صورت گرفت و دادهها با طی هفت مرحلهای کلایزی تحلیل شد. سؤالات مصاحبه حول ابعاد سواد فناوری و نسبت آن با کارآفرینی طراحی شد و برای اطمینان از روایی سؤالات، از نظرات هفت نفر از افراد خبره استفاده شد. بهمنظور اطمینان از کیفیت تحلیل دادهها، یافتهها پس از تحلیل دوباره به مصاحبهشوندگان ارجاع داده شد تا از انحرافهای احتمالی جلوگیری شود. یافتههای مصاحبهها نشان داد که کارآفرینهای فناوری از ماهیت، طراحی، تولید، کاربرد و ارتباط فناوری با جامعه درک عمیقی دارند. سپس بهمنظور توسعۀ یافتهها با استفاده از رویکرد کمی، از بین 517 نفر دانشجوی ترم آخر رشتههای مهندسی، 200 نفر به شیوۀ نمونهگیری طبقهای نسبتی بهعنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. ابزار جمعآوری دادههای کمی پرسشنامۀ ویرایش شده سواد فناورانه سراجی و خاوری (1395) با 18 گویه، با تأکید بر ابعاد درک ماهیت فناوری، طراحی و تولید فناوری، نگهداری و کاربرد فناوری، ارتباط فناوری با جهان اطراف و تعامل جامعه و فناوری و مقیاس پنجدرجهای لیکرت با پایایی 88/0 و پرسشنامۀ تمایل به کارآفرینی لنین و چن (2009) با 25 گویه، مقیاس پنجدرجهای لیکرت و پایایی 89/0 بود. دادهها با استفاده از همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون چندگانه تحلیل شد. یافتهها نشان داد؛ دانشجویان کارآفرین از ارتباط سواد فناورانه و کارآفرینی درک مناسبی دارند. بین سواد فناورانه دانشجویان و تمایل به کارآفرینی همبستگی وجود دارد. نتایج رگرسیون نیز نشان داد که از بین ابعاد سواد فناورانه دو بعد درک ماهیت فناوری و ارتباط فناوری با جهان اطراف میتوانند 7/19درصد از واریانس تغییر در تمایل به کارآفرینی دانشجویان مهندسی را تبیین کنند. پیشنهاد میشود برای پرورش شایستگیهای کارآفرینی در دانشجویان به توسعۀ مهارتهای سواد فناورانه آنها بیشتر توجه شود و برنامههای درسی آنها با توجه به این موضوع طراحی و اجرا شود.
The main purpose of this research was to investigate the role of technological literacy in the to investigate the role of technological literacy in the entrepreneurial intention in engineer students. This research was done with mixed method approach and with exploratory design. In qualitative phase of research 15 Entrepreneur engineer students were selected based on criteria oriented sampling and participated on semi structured interview and data were analyzed by seven keluize stages. Interview questions were designed around the dimensions of technology literacy and its relationship with entrepreneurship. To ensure the validity of the questions, the opinions of seven experts were used. To ensure the quality of data analysis, the findings were referred back to the interviewees after re-analysis to avoid possible deviations. Findings from the interviews indicated that technology entrepreneurs have a deep understanding of the nature, design, production, application and relationship of technology to society. In order to developing data based on stratified random sampling. 200 last semester engineer students were selected. Seraji and khavari(2015) technological literacy questioner and (2009) Liñán & Chen (2009) Entrepreneurial intention questioner with appropriate reliability were used for data gathering. The data were analyzed using pearson correlation and multiple regression. Findings indicted that entrepreneur engineer students have a appropriate understanding of the relevance of technological literacy and entrepreneurship. There is a correlation between students' technological literacy and the entrepreneurial intention in engineer students. The regression results showed that between dimensions of technological literacy, understanding nature of technology and relevance of technologies with the world around can explain 19/7 present of the variance of change in entrepreneurial intention in engineer students. In order to develop the entrepreneurial competencies in students, we propose to develop students’ technological skill in design and implementation of curriculum stages.
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