تحلیل معیارهای آسیب پذیری شهری در برابر بحران های احتمالی (مورد پژوهی: شهر بیجار)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ایمحمدرضا رضایی 1 , مهدی علیان 2 * , علیرضا عسگری 3
1 - استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران
2 - باشگاه پژوهشگران و نخبگان جوان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران
3 - دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران
کلید واژه: مدیریت بحران, بحران, منطق فازی, آسیب پذیری, شهر بیجار,
چکیده مقاله :
باید پذیرفت که همیشه درصدی از بحران ها اجتناب ناپذیر هستند و در واقع بخش جدایی ناپذیر و طبیعی حیات سیستم ها می باشند؛ ولیکن بخش عظیمی از تهدیدات و بحرانها تحمیلی هستند و باید با تحقیقات، درایت و مدیریت صحیح آنها را قبل از وقوع، پیش بینی و پیشگیری نمود. این پژوهش در راستای رسیدن به چشم انداز صحیح و دقیق در مدیریت بحران و جلوگیری از غافلگیری مدیران در هنگام وقوع بحران، مبادرت به شناسایی و تحلیل وضعیت آسیب پذیری شهر بیجار نموده است. پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف از نوع کاربردی، با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و با استفاده از اطلاعات بلوک های آماری سال 1390 مربوط به شهر بیجار و معیارهای هشت گانه کیفیت ابنیه، جنس مصالح، تعداد طبقات، قدمت ابنیه، مساحت قطعه، ضریب سطح اشغال، تراکم خالص جمعیت و کاربری اراضی با رویکردی فازی انجام گرفته است. نتایج حاصله نشان می دهد که بافت با ویژگی آسیب پذیری بسیار زیاد شهر، در نواحی مرکزی و جنوبی شهر واقع شده است. این نواحی تا حدود زیادی منطبق بر بافت فرسوده و قدیمی شهر می باشند و در زمان وقوع بحران احتمالی در معرض بیشترین خطرات جانی و مالی قرار دارند. در بین محلات شهر محلات تازه آباد و الماسیه نسبت به سایر محلات دارای آسیب پذیری بالاتری هستند؛ اما باید توجه داشت که هرچند محلات شرقی و شمالی شهر، شامل محلات تخت علیا، تخت سفلی و یارمجه نسبت به سایر محلات از آسیب پذیری کمتری برخودارند، اما تا وضعیت مطلوب و ایدآل هنوز فاصله زیادی دارند.
Discussion of disaster management in disasters is important issues in urban planning, and recognizing the vulnerability of different parts of the city, seem to be necessary. It should be accepted that always a percentage of crises are inevitable, but the vast majority of threats, disaster and inflammation are imposed and before the outbreak, those must be forecast and prevented with investigation and correct management. This research to achieve accurate perspective on disaster management and prevention of surprise managers, as a first step and the basis for management decisions, identifies and analyzes the vulnerability situation of Bijar city. This study has been done with uses the data of blocks in 1390 and eight criteria's, quality of buildings, construction materials, number of stories, old buildings, plots area, level of occupancy rate, population density and land with fuzzy approach. The results show that very high vulnerability tissues are located in central and southern parts of the Bijar city. These areas partially are based on old and worn out tissues of the city and may have been exposed to the greatest risks when probable disaster. In Bijar city Tzeabad and Almasieh neighborhoods than other neighborhoods are in higher vulnerability. It should be noted that, while the eastern and northern neighborhoods of the city, including neighborhoods Takhte olia, Takhte sofla and Lower, less vulnerable than other neighborhoods, but are far until u desirable and ideal situation.
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_||_Ahadnejad, M., Garakhlo, M., & Zyarei, K. (2010). Modeling the Vulnerability of Urban Buildings against Earthquake by Method of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) (Case Study of Zanjan City). Journal of Geography and Development,8 (19), 171-198. (In Persian)
Askari, A., & Parhizgar, A. (2003). Methods of urban planning in reducing the vulnerability of earthquake hazards with GIS Case Study in District 17 of Tehran. Geographical Research Quarterly,67, 63-78. (In Persian)
Center of specialized services in urban and rural. (2006). Urban Disaster Management. Tehran, publisher of the country's municipalities. (In Persian)
Garatwa, W., & Bollin, C. (2002). Disaster Risk Management,Working Concept. Eschborn: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH.
Ghaedrahmati, S., Soltani, L., Bastanifar, I. (2011). A Survey of Density Effect on the Vulnerability of Earthquake in Isfahan City (Fuzzy Approach). Geography and Environmental Planning, 22 (41), 107-122. (In Persian)
Ghahramani, A.A., & Ghodrat Abadi, L. (2012). The role of GIS in Risk Analysis to natural disasters zones 3 and 6 of Tehran Municipality. Disaster Prevention and Management Knowledge Quarterly,2 (4), 311-321. (In Persian)
Goli, A., & Asgari, A. (2006). The use of fuzzy logic in transforming the village into the city: Tehran. Journal of Human Sciences,10(2), 139-158. (In Persian)
Hashemi, S. M., & Hashemi, E. (2012). The structure and fabric of the city in the aftermath of the earthquake vulnerability reduction in the cycle of crisis management. Journal of safety messages,9 (35), 2-9.(In Persian)
Hataminejad, H., Fathi, H., & Eshghabadi, F. (2009). Urban Earthquake Vulnerability Assessment, Case Study: Region No. 10 of Tehran Municipality. Human Geography Research Quarterly, 68, 1-20. (In Persian)
Keshvardoost, S. (2008). A Comparative Study of public participation in the management of crisis in the US, Japan, Turkey and Iran and a model for Iran, Tehran University, Master's thesis in political science. (In Persian)
Kosarirad, M.R. (2012). The effect of urban planning crisis management in the event of natural hazards. monthly city and landscape, 22, 27-16. (In Persian)
Mahmoodzadeh, A. (2001). A six-step method of crisis management. Technical Report, Institute of Engineering, natural disasters and passive defense. (In Persian)
Manitoba-Health-Disaster-Management. (2002). Disaster Management Modelfor the Health Sector: Guideline for Program Development. Version 1, November 2002.
Menoni, S. (2001). Chains of damages and failures in a metropolitan environment: Some observations on the Kobe earthquake in 1995. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 83, 101–119.
Najmy, M., Ebrahimi, M., & Kianfar, F. (2006). Prioritization of technical and engineering features of the model in QFD using fuzzy TOPSIS. Journal of Sharif (Industrial Emgeenering & managment), 22 (34), 3-9. (In Persian)
Nojavan, M., & Ghazanfari, M. (2006). MADM two-dimensional models using fuzzy reliability index, International Journal of Engineering, 17 (4), 23-31. (in Persian)
Pishgahifard, Z., Egbali, N., Farajirod A., & Beigbabaye, B. (2011). The GIS and its Application in Determining Endangered Regions in Crisis Management in Urban Areas: A Case Study of District 8 of Tabriz. Amayesh Journal, 13, 91-104. (In Persian)
Pourahmad, A., Habibi, K., Mohamad Zahraei, S., & Nazari, S. (2007). Using Fuzzy Algorithm and GIS for site selection, the case study: Waste sites of Babolsar. Journal of Environmental Studies, 33 (42), 31-42. (In Persian)
Pourmohamadi, M. (2007). The role and application of GIS for rescue management in urban settlements and rural residents, the case study: Tabriz. The second scientific conference management research and rescue.(In Persian)
Pourmohammad, B., & Hooshmnd, M. R. (2005). Earthquake and its management. monthly of municipalities, 6 (68), 12-17. (In Persian)
Rashed, T., & Weeks, J. (2010). Assessing vulnerability to earthquake hazards through spatial multicriteria analysis of urban areas. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 17 (6), 547-576.
Rashidi, M., Ramesht, M. H., Saif, A., & Gharib, H. (2011). Crisis management to prevent losses of earthquake in Tehran. Journal of rescue,3, 40-47. (In Persian)
Rezaei, M.R., Hosseini, S.M., & BHakimi, H. (2012). Strategical planning for crisis management in Yazd's historical tissue by using SWOT. Journal of Emergency Management, 1, 35-44. (In Persian)
Seeger, M. W., Sellnow, T. L., & Ulmer, R. R. (1998). Communication, organization, and crisis. Communication Yearbook, 21, 231–275.
Shakib, H., Moghadasi, & Mousavi, A. (2006). Crisis management in the capital. Proceedings of the Second Seminar on construction in the capital, Tehran. 1 to 3 June. (In Persian)
Shhanqy, K., Sadeqi, M., & Heidari, M. (2012). Identifying and prioritizing prevention strategies from the crisis caused by the earthquake in Tehran using hierarchical fuzzy. Disaster Prevention and Management Knowledge Quarterly, 2 (4), 275-287. (In Persian)
Taghikhani, Sh. (2007). The role of education and participation in disaster risk reduction. Tehran University, Master's thesis in the management of natural disasters. (In Persian)
Tasnimi, A. (2011). A Reflection on the need for crisis management and disaster risk reduction. Journal of crisis management, 1, 38-15. (In Persian)
United Nations Development Program. (2014). Hazard Risk and Vulnerability Analysis (HRVA) of the City of Bhubaneswar (Odisha). Emergency Analyst and Officer-in-Charge, DM Unit, UNDP.
United Nations. (1992). Disaster Management Training Programme. An Overview of Disaster Management: Trainer's guide.