ارزیابی رژیم های مختلف آبیاری بر خصوصیات رشدی و عملکرد ژنوتیپ های برنج هوازی در شرایط آب و هوایی شمال استان خوزستان
محورهای موضوعی : زراعت
کاوه لیموچی
1
,
محمدرضا زرگران خوزانی
2
1 - دکتری زراعت، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان واحد دزفول، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دزفول، ایران
2 - دانشجوی دکتری اگروتکنولوژی گرایش اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، باوی، ایران
کلید واژه: آبیاری, رشد, فتوسنتز, رویشی, زایشی,
چکیده مقاله :
با هدف تعیین نقش رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری بر روند شاخص های رشد، طول ساقه، وزن ساقه، و عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپ-های برنج هوازی در در شرایط آب و هوایی شمال استان خوزستان آزمایشی طی دو سال 1393 و 1394 در مزرعه ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی شاوور با طول شرقی َ28 : ْ48 عرض شمالی َ50 : ْ31 طراحی و اجرا گردید. چهار سطح آبیاری (1، 3، 5 و 7 روزه) درکرت‌های اصلی و 12 ژنوتیپ برنج در کرت‌های فرعی در سه تکرار قرار گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه مرکب نشان داد بین ژنوتیپ ها، رژیم های آبیاری و اثر متقابل دو عامل در تمامی صفات تفاوت معنی‌داری در سطح یک درصد وجود داشت. در رژیم های آبیاری یک و سه روزه بیشترین و رژیم آبیاری هفت روزه کمترین مقدار را به دلیل دوره اثر گذاری کمتر صفات متأثر از آن دارا بودند. عملکرد دانه ضمن اینکه بیشترین همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار را با وزن برگ پرچم به لحاظ تأمین بیشترین مواد فتوسنتزی برای مخزن اصلی داشت در رژیم آبیاری دوم و ژنوتیپ IR 81025-B-327-3 با متوسط 6555 کیلوگرم در هکتار، از بیشترین مقدار برخوردار بود. بررسی روند شاخص‌های رشد نشان داد کلیه ژنوتیپ‌ها با کاهش دور آبیاری در مدت زمان کمتری به حداکثر رشد خود رسیدند ضمن اینکه ژنوتیپ‌های مقاوم‌تر بر اساس تقسیم بندی ایری از ثبات بیشتری در روند رشد برخوردار بودند. خود را در شرایط کاهش دور آبیاری بهتر حفظ کردند که می‌توان از آن جهت فرایندهای به‌نژادی و اصلاح ارقام استفاده کرد.
The aim of this study was to determine the role of different irrigation regimes on flag leaf and other leaves , stem length, stem weight, average leaf length and width of aerobic rice genotypes was carried out during 2014 and 2015 in Shavoor Agricultural Research Station in northern of Khuzestan. Four irrigation regimes (1, 3, 5 and 7 days) in main plots and twelve rice genotypes in subplots with three replications. The results of combined analysis showed that there was a significant difference between genotypes, irrigation regimes and their interactions in all traits. One-day and three-day irrigation regimes had the highest and the seven-day irrigation regimen the lowest in terms of less time in nutrient accumulation in all traits. Grain yield, while having the highest positive and significant correlation (0.486 **) with flag leaf weight in terms of providing the most photosynthetic material for the main reservoir in the All genotypes tended to produce the most grain yield in the second irrigation regime (the three-day irrigation interval); genotype IR 81025-B-327-3, with 6555.10 kg ha-1 of grain yield, out-performed the remaining genotypes in this level of irrigation regime. Examination of the growth index showed that all genotypes reached their maximum growth by reducing the irrigation cycle in a shorter period of time, while more resistant genotypes maintained their growth process in the conditions of better irrigation cycle reduction, which can be due to breeding and Corrected figures used.
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