اثر کودهای سبز و معدنی بر میزان حاصلخیزی خاک، ضریب استهلاک نوری و عملکرد دانه‌ی گندم رقم چمران

محورهای موضوعی : زراعت

تاریخ دریافت : 1392/03/13 تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/11/14 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/06/01

کلید واژه: ماش, کودهای شیمیایی, ضریب استهلاک نوری,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور بررسی اثر تاریخ کاشت ماش به عنوان کود سبز و سطوح مختلف کود فسفر و نیتروژن بر ضریب استهلاک نوری و عملکرد دانه‌ی گندم رقم چمران این آزمایش در سال زراعی90-1389 به صورت اسپلیت پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصافی با سه تکرار در شهرستان دزفول اجرا شد. دو تاریخ کاشت کود سبز ماش شامل 10 تیرماه و 20 مردادماه به همراه کرت آیش به عنوان کرت اصلی در نظر گرفته شدند. سه سطح کود نیتروژن (صفر، 60 و 120 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار) و سه سطح کود فسفر (صفر، 45 و 90 کیلوگرم فسفر خالص در هکتار) به صورت فاکتوریل در کرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که کاشت ماش به عنوان کود سبز باعث افزایش میزان مواد آلی و عناصر معدنی موجود در خاک شد. بیشترین ضریب استهلاک نوری گندم به تیمار تاریخ کاشت ماش در 10 تیرماه اختصاص داشت. افزایش نیتروژن باعث افزایش معنی دار ضریب استهلاک نوری شد. استهلاک بیشتر نور توسط سایه انداز گندم در سطوح بالای نیتروژن به دلیل افزایش شاخص سطح برگ بود. کشت کود سبز ماش در تاریخ های 10 تیرماه و 20 مردادماه باعث افزایش عملکرد دانه نسبت به تیمار آیش به میزان 3/15 و 1/3 درصد شد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه به ترکیب تیماری 120 کیلوگرم نیتروژن و 90 کیلوگرم فسفر در تاریخ کاشت کود سبز دهم تیرماه تعلق داشت. به طورکلی، نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که کاشت ماش جهت استفاده به عنوان کود سبز در تاریخ 10 تیرماه باعث افزایش عملکرد دانه‌ی گندم نسبت به شرایط آیش شد. به نظر می رسد، استفاده از کودهای سبز و معدنی به طور همزمان باعث افزایش جذب کودهای معدنی، استفاده ی بیشتر گندم از عناصر غذایی موجود در کودهای سبز و افزایش میزان جذب تابش برای متابولیسم این عناصر شد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In order to evaluate the effect of green gram (Vigna radiata) sowing date as a green manure in combination with different rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) fertilizers on wheat grain yield and light extinction coefficient, a field experiment was conducted in Dezful during 2008-2009. The experiment was split-plot factorial based on RCBD with three replications. Main plot consisted of green gram sowing dates were 30th June and 10th August, besides to fallow and three rates of N (0, 60 and 120 kg ha-1) and P (0, 45 and 90 kg ha-1) were in sub-plots. Results indicated that the application of green manure increased soil organic matter and inorganic nutrients. The highest light extinction coefficient (K) found on 30th June. A significant increase in nitrogen rate led to more light extinction coefficient because of  higher LAI. In comparison to fallow treatment, the green manure sowing dates on 30th June and 10th August led to more grain yield by 15.3% and 3.1% respectively. Delaying in green gram sowing date reduced the benefit effects of the green manure in wheat grain yield. Generally, the results of this investigation showed that, sowing green gram as a green manure on 3th July has significantly increased wheat grain yield compared with fallow treatments. In green manure applied plots, wheat grain yield in 60 kg N ha-1 and 45 kg P ha-1 was higher than 120 kg N ha-1 and 90 kg P ha-1 under fallow conditions. The higher grain per unit area and biological yield in green gram residue incorporated plots influenced higher wheat grain yield than under fallow.  

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