The Investigation of the Toxicity of Palladium Nanoparticles on Human Lymphocyte

Subject Areas : Journal of Nanoanalysis

Maryam Zivari fard ¹ , Majid Sharifi ² , Arian Shojaei ³ , Seyed Mahdi Rezayat ⁴ , Seyyedeh Elaheh Mousavi ⁵ , Mojtaba Falahati ⁶

1 - epartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2 - 2 Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 3 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
3 - Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4 - Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5 - Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
6 - Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2021-10-05 Accepted : 2021-10-05 Published : 2021-06-01

Keywords: Apoptosis, ROS, Cell Cycle, Human Lymphocyte, Nano Pd,

Abstract :

Palladium nanoparticles (Pd-NPs) have various applications in industries, such as:Biomedicine, Sewage treatment, Electronics, and Catalytic processes. Differentstudies on NP have shown that they have negative impacts on different cellcategories in vitro. Despite extensive considerations, the molecular mechanismof Pd-NPs toxicity has remained elusive thus far. Therefore, in this paper,we investigated the toxicity of Pd-NPs by evaluating their effects on a humanlymphocyte. Blood lymphocyte cells were initially isolated by ficoll solution andwere exposed to Pd-NPs and Pd (II) ions. Then, we examined oxidative stress, cellcycle, and apoptosis employing flow cytometry. We found the NPs administrationsuppressed cell growth, which in turn resulted in cell apoptosis. Also, the cell cyclestopped at the sub G1 phase, resulting in DNA damage as well as profound ROSincrease. Our results showed that Pd-NPs treatment for 24 hours led to apoptosis,oxidative stress, as well as cell cycle blockage. It is notable that Pd (II) ions inducedmore severe toxicity. Our findings provide valuable insights on Pd-NPs toxicity.