Evaluation of physical, chemical and biological properties of silver nanoparticles and their synthesis and applications

Subject Areas : Journal of Nanoanalysis

Leila Soroudi ^{1 *} , Seyed Ali Abtahi ² , Shahla Mahmoudi ³

1 - Department of Environmental Engineering and Sciences , Islamic Azad University , West Tehran Branch , Tehran , Iran
2 - Department of Soil Sciences of Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz,Iran
3 - Department of Soil Sciences , Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2023-10-04 Accepted : 2025-01-05 Published : 2025-10-03

Keywords: Toxicity, Silver nanoparticles, Synthesis, Properties, Application,

Abstract :

Silver nanoparticles are one of the most famous and widely used nanotechnology products, it is estimated that nearly 320 tons of silver nanoparticles are used in the world every year and this widespread use causes it to eventually become a pollutant of the soil and the environment, this pollution can occur indirectly by entering the environment or directly by agricultural activities. A detailed study of the physical, chemical and biological properties of silver nanoparticles and their synthesis and applications is necessary, because the physicochemical properties of a particle can have a significant effect on its biological properties. The findings of the present study clearly showed that can synthesize silver nanoparticles with defined size and morphology under optimal conditions and with an eco-friendly approach. The findings revealed that silver nanoparticles produced by the green synthesis method, in spite of good antibacterial activity, cause negligible cytotoxicity and the toxic effects of silver nanoparticles synthesized by physical and chemical methods are inevitable compared to biological synthesis methods. So far, a few studies have been done on the toxicity of silver nanoparticles and the findings of the present study showed that the final studies on determining the toxicity of silver nanoparticles are not sufficient because their toxicity depends on many factors such as their concentration, size, shape and surface. And also sources, the route of entry, toxicological evaluation methods and dose units may vary significantly, hence it is difficult to determine the exact range of toxicity of silver nanoparticles.