بازشناسی شخصیت و رفتار اجتماعی «قُصّاص»
محورهای موضوعی : تاریخ و تمدن اسلامی
1 - استادیار دانشگاه آیت اللّه حائری میبد، گروه علوم قرآن و حدیث، میبد، ایران
کلید واژه:
چکیده مقاله :
قُصّاص (جمعِ قاصّ)، یکی از گروه‌های کمتر شناخته اما قدرتمند و پرنفوذ در دوره اسلامی بودند که یادکرد آنها را می‌توان در کتب تاریخی و مباحث مرتبط با رجال و تراجم، در کنار دیگر گروه‌ها هم‌چون فقها، متکلمان و اهل حدیث مشاهده نمود. فعالیت‌های قصّاص که با نقد بسیاری از صحابه، تابعین و عالمان مسلمان مواجه شد پس از چند سده به محاق رفت. سؤالاتی که این نوشتار در پی یافتن پاسخ یا پاسخ‌هایی بدانهاست این است که چه ویژگی‌های شخصیتی و اجتماعی سبب می‌گشت یک فرد در شمار قصّاص قلمداد شود؟ آنان در دین‌داری چه ویژگی‌هایی داشتند؟ و در تبلیغ و ترویج دین چه رویکردهایی در پیش گرفته بودند؟ در این مقاله که از روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی بهره گرفته شده، از ویژگی های اساسی و برجسته قصّاص مانند جذب مخاطبان بیشتر از میان توده مردم، توجه به سلایق عوام، درازه گویی، تحریک عواطف و رواشماری دخل و تصرف در آموزه های دینی بحث شده است.
Quṣṣās were one of the least known but strong and affective groups in the early and mid-Islamic centuries. The job title is frequently mentioned in historical books and the arguments relating to the Rijal and biographies along with other groups such as jurists, Hadith narrators and theologians. Quṣṣās duty as giving speeches to the public was strongly criticized by many Companions and Muslim scholars to the extent that after some centuries, the title was totally extinct and the historical as well as cultural contribution of the group was forgotten. This paper tries to answer these questions: what specifications in the character and social behavior of a person caused him to be called a Qāṣṣ? What religious characteristics did the Quṣṣās have? What approaches did they follow in preaching and promoting the religion? Based on a descriptive-analytical method, this paper considers five major specifications of the Quṣṣās which were mostly different from the approaches of other Muslim scholars. Keywords: Quṣṣās, Qaṣaṣ stream, character and social behavior, religious approach, preaching and promoting the religion. References Ḳurān, trans. Muhammad Mahdi Fouladvand, Tehran, dār al- Ḳurān al- karīm, 1994 AD/ 1415 AH. Abd b. Hamīd Kissī, Muntakhab musnad Abd b. Hamīd, Beirut, Maktaba al- nahḍa al- Arabiyya, 1987 AD/ 1408 AH. Abū Khathīma Nisāī, Kitāb al- ilm, (Und.), (Und.), (Und.). Abū Nuaym al- Iṣfahanī, Aḥmad, Ḥilyat al- awliyā wa- ṭabaḳāt al- asfiyā, Revised by Shafiei Kadkani, Cairo, Umm al- Ḳurā, (Und.). Abū Ṭalib Makkī, Muḥammad b. Alī, Ḳūt al- ḳulūb, Beirut, Dār al- kutub al- ilmiyya, 1996 AD/ 1417 AH. Adjdjādj Khaṭīb, Muḥammad, Uṣūl al- ḥadīth ulūma wa muṣṭalaḥa, Beirut, Dār al- Fikr, 1988 AD/ 1409 AH. Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, al-ilal, Riyadh, Dār al- khānī, 1987 AD/ 1408 AH. 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