بررسی برخی خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک در دو توده جنگلی گلازنی‌شده و کم‌تر دست خورده در زاگرس شمالی (مطالعةموردی: جنگل‌‌های حوزه بانه، استان کردستان)

محورهای موضوعی : منابع طبیعی

ژیان رحیمی ¹ , کیومرث محمدی سمانی ² , نقی شعبانیان ³ , محمدشفیع رحمانی ⁴

1 - کارشناسی ارشد رشته جنگلداری، گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، کردستان، ایران.
2 - استادیار، گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، کردستان، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - دانشیار، گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، کردستان، ایران.
4 - کارشناس آزمایشگاه بیولوژی گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، کردستان، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/12/01 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/02/26 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/03/01

کلید واژه: زاگرس شمالی, توده جنگلی, جنگل‌ کم‌تردست‌خورده, عناصر غذایی خاک, گلازنی,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: جنگل های بلوط زاگرس شمالی از دیرباز جهت سرشاخه زنی و تعلیف دام ﻣﻮرد استفاده بوده و در نهایت توسط مردم بومی مورد تخریب قرار گرفته است. از این رو در این پژوهش تلاش شد تا تأثیر سرشاخه زنی درختان (گلازنی) بر برخی خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. مواد و روش ها: دو منطقه جنگلی با حداقل فاصله و بیش ترین تشابه شامل منطقه کم تر دست خورده به عنوان منطقه شاهد و توده ی دیگری که هر سه سال یک بار جهت تعلیف دام سرشاخه زنی می شود، انتخاب شدند. در هر توده 10 نمونه ترکیبی خاک از عمق 15-0 سانتی متری و در زیر تاج درختان برداشت شد. درنهایت درصد کربن آلی، نیتروژن، پتاسیم، فسفر، کلسیم و منیزیم و همچنین نسبت C/N خاک این دو منطقه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد به جز نسبت C/N و میزان منیزیم، سایر عناصر در دو منطقه دارای اختلاف معنی‌دار بودند. میزان کلسیم و اسیدیته در منطقه گلازنی شده نسبت به شاهد بیش تر بود، در حالی که درصد کربن آلی و نیتروژن، پتاسیم، فسفر و هدایت الکتریکی نسبت به منطقه شاهد، کم تر بود. بحث و نتیجه گیری: طبق نتایج به‌دست آمده از این تحقیق، حفظ درختان و عدم سرشاخه زنی آن ها در منطقه شاهد، سبب شکل گیری شرایط خاکی مناسب‌تری در مقایسه با توده گلازنی‌شده می گردد. با گلازنی توده های بلوط و برداشت شاخ و برگ آن ها از جنگل و عدم برگشت آن ها به خاک جنگلی، ورود مواد آلی به خاک کاهش یافته و این بر روی عناصر غذایی خاک مناطق جنگلی تأثیر منفی گذاشته و در دراز مدت باعث فقر غذایی خاک خواهد شد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objectives: A Northern Zagros oak forests have been pollarded since a long time ago and finally they have been destroyed by forest dwellers. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of pollarding on some soil chemical properties. Method: Two adjacent oak forest stands with similar physiography were selected including a less-disturbed area (as control stand) and pollarded stands that it periodically pollarded once every three years. 10 composite soil samples under the tree crown have been taken from 0-15 cm soil depth of each area. Finally, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, pH and EC were analyzed. Findings: The results showed that all soil factors had significant differences in theses area except magnesium and C/N ratio. The amount of calcium and pH increased in pollarded area compare with control while soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and EC decreased. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study showed that preservation of trees and stop pollarding trees in control area can produce a better soil condition compare with pollard stands. People use trees foliage to feeding livestock by oak pollarding in this forest so that these pollarding activities of local dwellers can reduce the amount of soil organic matter content and soil nutrient reserves. The decreasing of soil nutrient reserves will be very harmful to conserve the soil fertility and productivity.

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