شناسایی پهنه های بهینه اسکان موقت پس از وقوع سیل با رویکرد مدیریت بحران و بکارگیری Fuzzy MCE (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان دهاقان)
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت و برنامه ریزی محیط زیست
میثم جعفری
1
(گروه مهندسی ایمنی، بهداشت و محیط زیست، دانشکده مهندسی مواد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد نجف آباد، ایران)
دلارام سیکارودی
2
(گروه مهندسی ایمنی، بهداشت و محیط زیست، (واحد نجف آباد)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران.)
محمد اسمائیل رئوفی
3
(گروه مهندسی ایمنی، بهداشت و محیط زیست، (واحد نجف آباد)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران.)
کلید واژه: مدیریت بحران, اسکان اضطراری, مکان‌یابی, سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS), دهاقان, سیلاب,
چکیده مقاله :
در عصر حاضر، وقوع حوادث طبیعی و انسانی به‌ویژه در جوامع کم‌برخوردار از آمادگی، به بحران‌های جدی تبدیل شده است. بلایای طبیعی چون زلزله و سیلاب نه تنها منجر به خسارات جانی و مالی فراوان می‌شوند، بلکه آواره شدن میلیون‌ها نفر را نیز به همراه دارند. این تحقیق به بررسی مکان‌یابی بهینه محل‌های اسکان اضطراری در شهرستان دهاقان، واقع در استان اصفهان، می‌پردازد. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، شناسایی پهنه‌های مناسب برای اسکان موقت پس از وقوع سیلاب با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) و روش‌های ارزیابی چندمعیاره، به‌ویژه تحلیل سلسله‌مراتبی (AHP) و ارزیابی چندمعیاره فازی (Fuzzy MCE) است. در این راستا، معیارهای مؤثر در مکان‌یابی شامل فاصله از جاده‌ها، آبراهه‌ها، شیب اراضی و کاربری زمین مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که مناطق شمال شرقی شهرستان دهاقان به‌عنوان مکان‌های کم‌خطر و مناسب برای اسکان موقت شناسایی شده‌اند. به‌طور کمی، درصد شیب اراضی با وزن 0.20، فاصله از آبراهه‌ها با وزن 0.18 و فاصله از جاده‌ها با وزن 0.15 به‌عنوان معیارهای کلیدی شناسایی شدند. همچنین، استفاده از توابع عضویت فازی در ارزیابی معیارها به بهبود دقت تحلیل‌ها کمک کرده و امکان شناسایی مناطق امن‌تر را فراهم کرده است. در نهایت، پیشنهاداتی برای بهبود مدیریت بحران و مکان‌یابی بهینه محل‌های اسکان اضطراری ارائه شده که شامل ایجاد پایگاه داده جامع، برگزاری دوره‌های آموزشی و طراحی زیرساخت‌های مقاوم می‌باشد.
In today’s world, the frequency of natural and human-induced disasters, particularly in unprepared communities, has escalated into serious crises. Events such as earthquakes and floods not only inflict substantial human and financial losses but also displace millions of individuals. This study focuses on determining the optimal locations for emergency shelter sites in Dahqan County, Isfahan Province. The primary aim of this research is to identify suitable areas for temporary accommodation following floods, utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and multi-criteria evaluation methods, specifically the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Evaluation (Fuzzy MCE). Key criteria for site selection—including proximity to roads, streams, land slope, and land use—were assessed. The findings reveal that the northeastern regions of Dahqan County are identified as low-risk and suitable for temporary accommodation. Among the evaluated criteria, land slope percentage emerged as the most significant factor, with a weight of 0.20, followed by distance from waterways (0.18) and distance from roads (0.15). Furthermore, the application of fuzzy membership functions in the evaluation process has improved the accuracy of the analyses and facilitated the identification of safer areas. This study concludes with recommendations for enhancing crisis management and optimizing emergency shelter site selection, including the creation of a comprehensive database, conducting training sessions, and designing resilient infrastructure.
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