بررسی توده‌های بزرک سیاه (بالنگوی شهری Lallemantia iberica) در شرایط دیم و آبیاری تکمیلی

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

منوچهر فرضی ¹ (گروه باغبانی، واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران)
خشنود علیزاده ² (دانشیار موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مراغه، ایران)
موسی ارشد ³ (گروه باغبانی، واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/04/03 تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/12/19 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/04/01

کلید واژه: تنش خشکی, مقاومت به خشکی, بزرک سیاه, خصوصیات بالنگو,

چکیده مقاله :

بالنگوی شهری گیاهی یک ساله، علفی و متحمل به خشکی از تیره نعناع است که برای استفاده از بذر آن کشت می‌شود. در این پژوهش تنوع 12 توده بالنگوی شهری انتخابی از مناطق مختلف کشور با استفاده از صفات مورفولوژیک و برخی شاخص‌های تحمل به خشکی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. آزمایش مزرعه‌ای در بهار 1392 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم مراغه در شرایط دیم و آبیاری تکمیلی اجرا گردید. تجزیه مرکب برای عملکرد دانه نشان داد که اختلاف بسیار معنی‌داری در بین محیط‌های اجرای آزمایش وجود داشت. میانگین های عملکرد دانه در شرایط آبیاری تکمیلی 730 تا 1380 کیلوگرم در هکتار و در شرایط دیم 360 تا 680 کیلوگرم در هکتار برآورد شدند. توده‌های کلیبر و نظرلو از لحاظ تمامی شاخص‌های متحمل به خشکی برتر بودند و در گروه‌بندی خوشه‌ای، گروه‌های ایجاد شده در سه خوشه کاملاً متمایز قرار گرفتند. بر اساس تجزیه همبستگی در شرایط آبیاری تکمیلی صفت ارتفاع بوته و تعداد روز تا گلدهی بیشترین ضریب همبستگی را با عملکرد دانه نشان دادند و در شرایط دیم تعداد شاخه اصلی بیشترین ضریب همبستگی را با عملکرد دانه داشت.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Lallemantia iberica is an annual, herbaceous and drought tolerant plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae, which is cultivated for its seeds. Diversity of 12 dragons head landraces were studied for phenotypic and genotypic variations using agro-morphological traits and some drought tolerance indices. Field study was conducted in the spring of 2013 as a randomized complete block design with three replicates in Maragheh. Results of analysis of variance showed that there was significant difference among the studied landraces for all agro-morphological traits under study between the experimental sites. Combined analysis for grain yield showed that there were significant differences between the experimental sites. The average grain yields were in the range of 730 to 1380 kg.ha-1 under complementary irrigated condition and from 360 to 680 kg.ha-1 under rainfed conditions. Kalibar and Nazarlo landraces for all parameters were highly drought tolerant. Cluster analysis grouped these populations into three distinct clusters. The results also indicated that plant height and days to flowering under complementary irrigation and main branches under rainfed conditions exhibited highest correlations with seed yields.

منابع و مأخذ:

Abolhasani, K., and G. Saiedi. 2006. Evaluation of drought tolerance of safflower lines based on tolerance and sensitivity indices to water stress. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 10(3): 407-418. (In Persian).

 Akbari, Gh.A., S.A. Sadatnori, A.H. Omidi Tabrizi, K. Hosinzadeh, and M. Dadresan. 2006. Survey physiological and agronomical properties various type of winter safflower. In: Proceeding of 9^th Iranian Congress of Crop Production and Plant Breeding. Tehran University, Aboureihan, 27- 29 August, 256. (In Persian).

Amanzadeh, Y., N. Khosravi Dehaghi, A.R. Gohari, H.R. Monsef-Esfehani, and S.E. Sadat Ebrahimi. 2011. Antioxidant activity of essential oil of Lallemantia iberica in flowering stage and post-flowering stage. Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Research Journal of Biological Sciences. 6(3): 114-117.

Amini, F., G. Saeidi, and A. Arzani. 2008. Study of genetic diversity in safflower genotypes using agro-morphological traits and RAPD markers. Euphytica. 163: 21-30.

 Buisman, G.J.H., A. Overeem, and F.P. Cuperus. 1999. Synthesis of epoxidized novel fatty acids for use in paint applications. Chapter 8, T.P. Derksen, & G. Knothe, (Eds). A recent development in the synthesis of fatty acid derives. The American oil chemists society. 1999- medical- 250 pages, copyright © 1999 by AOCS Press. E-Book ISBN: 978-1-4398-3207-3. DOI: 10.1201/9781439832073.fmatt.

 

Daneshian, J., and P. Jonoubi. 2008. Evaluation of sunflower new hybrids tolerance to water deficit stress. Proceedings of the 5t^h International Crop Science Congress. Jejo, Korea. Page 189.

 FAO. 2014. Food and agricultural organization of the united nation, http://faostat.fao.org /site/ 342/default.aspx.

 Fernandez, G.C.J. 1992. Effective selection criteria for assessing stress tolerance. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Adaptation of Vegetables and Other Food Crops in Temperature and water Stress Tolerance. Asian Vegetable Research and Development Centre, Taiwan, 257-270.

 Giasi, M.F. 1991. Report on detailed soil surveyon agricultural research station of Maragheh. East Azarbaijan Research Center Publications. 27 pages. (In Persian).

Hamrouni, I., H. Saleh, and B. Marzouk. 2001. Effects of water- deficit on oil of safflower aerial parts. INRST, Laboratoired ``daptation et d`` melioration des plants. BP 95 2050. Hammam-Lif. Tunisia. 95: 21-52.

 Hashemidezfuli, A. 1994. Growth and yield of safflower affected by drought stress. Crop Research Hisar. 7: 313-319.

Jones, G., and S.M. Valamoti.2005. Lallemantia an imported or introduced oil plant in Bronze Age northern Greece. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 14. 571-577.

 

Kazemi, A., H. Clark, A. James, and G. Kraus. 2011. Advanced oil crop bio refineries (RSC Green Chemistry). Royal Society of Chemistry (Nov 25, 2011). RSC Publishing.

 

 Lovellh, S., M. Perniola, A. Ferrara, and D.T. Tommaso. 2007. Yield response factor to water (Ky) and water use efficiency of Carthamus tinctorius L. and Solanum melongena L. Agricultural Water Management. 92: 37-80.

Mathur, J., R. Tikka, S.B. sharman, R.K. Singh, and S.P. Dashoras. 1976. Genetic variability and path coefficient analysis of yield components in safflower. Indian Journal. 8: 314-315.

 

Megaloudi, F. 2006. Plants and diet in Greece from Neolithic to classic periods: the archaeobotanical remains, Oxford: Archaeopress. ISBN 1841719498.

Mozaffarian, V. 1996. A dictionary of Iranian plant names. Farhang Moaser. Tehran. Iran. pp: 198. (In Persian).

Nunez, R., and C. de Gastro. 1992. Palaeoethnobotany and archaebotany of the Labiatae in Europe and near east. In Harley. RM Reynolds. T, Advances in Labiatae Science. Royal Botanical Gardens. Kew. London. (1992 b) 437-454.

 

Overeem, A. 1999. Seed oil rich in linolenic acid as renewable feedstock for environment-friendly cross linkers in powder coating. Industrial Crops and Products 11: 157-165.

Shahbazi, S., Kh. Alizadeh, and V. Fatherezaie. 2012. Study on planting possibility of Dragon's head (Lallemantia iberica F. & C. M.) landraces in cold rainfed conditions. Iranian Agricultural Dryland Journal. 2: 82-95. (In Persian).

Shurtleff, W., and A. Aoyagi. 2008. Friedrich Haberlandt - History of his work with soybeans and soy foods (1876-2008): Extensively annotated bibliography and source book. Soy info center Press. ISBN 978-1-928914-19-8 .PP: 129.

Sio-Semardeh, A., A. Ahmadi, K. Poostini, and V. Mohammadi. 2006. Evaluation of drought resistance indices under various environmental conditions. Field Crops Research. 98: 222-229.

Srivastava, J.P., E. Acevedo, and S. Varma. 1987. Drought tolerance in winter cereal. John Wiley Pub., USA.

 Strašil, Z., and M. Káš. 2005. The effect of nitrogen fertilization, sowing rates and weather conditions on yield components of Lallemantia iberica Fisch. et Mey, Rese Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica. 36(1): 15 – 20.

 Tuncturk, M., and V.C. Vahdettin. 2004. Relationship among traits using correltion and path coefficient analysis in safflower. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences. 3(6): 683-686.

Usher, G. 1974. A dictionary of plants used by man. Constable and Co. Ltd., London. UK. ISBN: 0094579202. pp: 619.

van Soest, L.J.M., M. Doorgeest, and E. Ensink. 1987. Introdutie-demonstratie tun potentiële nieuwe gewassen. (In-formatie. knelpunten en potentie). Center for genetic resources. Wageningen. pp: 29-31.

 Zlatanov, M., G. Antova, M. Angelova-Romova, S. Momchilova, S. Taneva, and B. Nikolova-Damyanova. 2012. Lipid structure of lallemantia seed oil: A potential source of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids for nutritional supplements. Chemistry and Materials Science Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. Springer Published in partnership with AOCS. 2012, DOI: 10.1007/s11746-012-2042-x.