اثر محلول‌پاشی اسپرمیدین بر برخی ویژگی‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیک و متابولیت‌های ثانویه گیاه همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L.) تحت تنش خشکی

محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک

سوفیا سروری ¹ , الهام دانائی ² , خدایار همتی ³ , علیرضا لادن مقدم ⁴

1 - دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد علی آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، علی‌آباد کتول، ایران،
2 - گروه علوم باغبانی، واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران
3 - دانشکده تولیدات گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، گرگان، ایران
4 - گروه علوم باغبانی، واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/02/29 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/05/28 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/04/01

کلید واژه: آنتی‌اکسیدان, ظرفیت زراعی, اسپرمیدین, کوئرستین, روتین,

چکیده مقاله :

تنش خشکی رایج ترین تنش غیرزیستی است که بیشترین اثر منفی را بر رشد و تولید گیاهان دارد و پلی‌آمین‌ها، تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد گیاهی هستند که مقاومت گیاهان را به تنش‌های محیطی از جمله تنش خشکی افزایش می‌دهند. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی اثر محلول‌پاشی اسپرمیدین بر کاهش اثرات تنش خشکی در گیاه همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L.) است. بدین منظور، اثر محلول‌پاشی اسپرمیدین (صفر، 50 و 100 میلیگرم در لیتر) در سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی (بدون تنش(شاهد)، 25، 50 و 75 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) بصورت آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال 1397 در گلخانه‌ای واقع در شمال ایران بررسی شد. محلول‌پاشی در سه مرحله با فواصل حدود 20 روز شامل شش برگ قابل روئیت، پنجه‌دهی کامل و ظهور اولین غنچه اعمال گردید. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد، تنش خشکی و محلول‌پاشی اسپرمیدین تاثیر معنی‌داری بر صفات مورد ارزیابی داشت. به طوریکه بیشترین وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی، تعداد گل و محتوای کلروفیل کل در تیمار 75 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و اسپرمیدین 50 ‌میلی‌گرم در لیتر و بیشترین وزن تر و خشک ریشه و ماندگاری گل روی بوته در تیمار 100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و اسپرمیدین 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر بدست آمد. همچنین بیشترین طول ریشه، ارتفاع گیاه، میزان آنتی‌اکسیدان کل (DPPH)، میزان روتین و کوئرستین در تیمار 75 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و اسپرمیدین 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر و بیشترین پرولین و فعالیت آنزیم پلی فنل اکسیداز در تیمار 25 درصد ظرفیت زراعی مشاهده شد. لذا با توجه به نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش می‌توان محلول‌پاشی اسپرمیدین 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر به همراه سطح آبیاری 75 درصد ظرفیت زراعی را در گیاه همیشه بهار توصیه نمود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Drought stress is the most common abiotic stress that has the most negative effect on plant growth and production Polyamines are plant growth regulators that increase plant resistance to environmental stresses, including drought stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of foliar application of spermidine on reducing the effects of drought stress on marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). For this purpose, foliar application of spermidine (0, 50, and 100 mg/l) was considered at different levels of drought stress (control, 25, 50, and 75% of field capacity) in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications in 2018 in a greenhouse located in northern Iran. The foliar application was applied at three stages with intervals of about 20 days including six visible leaves, complete tillering, and emergence of the first bud. Results showed that drought stress and foliar application of spermidine had a significant effect on the evaluated traits. The highest fresh and dry weight of shoots, number of flowers, and total chlorophyll contents were observed in the treatment with 75% of field capacity and spermidine 50 mg/l and the highest fresh and dry weight of roots and flowers on the plant were recorded in the treatment with 100% of field capacity and spermidine 100 mg/l. Also, the highest root length, plant height, total antioxidant activity (DPPH), rutin and quercetin were observed in the treatment with 75% of field capacity and spermidine 100 mg/l and the highest proline and polyphenol oxidase activity was observed in the treatment with 25% of field capacity. Therefore, according to the results of this study, foliar application of spermidine 100 mg/l with an irrigation level of 75% of field capacity is recommended for marigold.

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