Physio-Biochemical Changes of Some Pistachio Rootstocks in Response to Drought and Recovery Periods
Subject Areas : Abiotic stress physiology
Mohammad Hosein Shamshiri
1
(Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran)
Mahboubeh Hoseini
2
(Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran)
Mohammad Reza Dehghani
3
(Department of Genetics and Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran)
Keywords: Osmoregulation, Chlorophyll fluorescence, Chlorophyll pigments,
Abstract :
The reduction of water resources in pistachio production areas of Iran has led to an increase in the frequency of irrigation, so the pistachio trees are continuously exposed to periods of drought and recovery after irrigation during the growing season. Choosing rootstocks that have the highest resistance to drought stress and the highest recovery speed can be considered as one of the basic strategies for facing such conditions. This experiment was carried out as factorial and in the form of a completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental factors were the type of rootstock in five levels and the sampling stage in three levels for destructive biochemical parameters and six levels for non-destructive chlorophyll fluoresce parameters. Drought stress was achieved by withholding irrigation for 15 days, and in the recovery phase, the pistachio seedlings were irrigated daily up to field capacity for 10 days. At the end of the experiment, shoot and root dry weights were measured. Evaluation of pistachio seedlings biomass showed that the periods of drought and recovery did not affect the dry weight of shoot and root and rootstock type was the only influencing factor. The highest amount of shoot and root dry weight was observed in lentisk (Pistacia lentiscus) and Bane-Baghi respectively, and the lowest amount was recorded in Bane and Sarakhs. Chlorophyll fluorescence indices were completely sensitive to drought stress and recovery. Dry period caused the measured biochemical parameters known as osmolytes to increase and the changes in these parameters were different in different rootstocks.
Arzani K, Ghasemi M, Yadollahi A, Hokmabadi H (2013) Study of foliar epidermal anatomy of four pistachio rootstocks under water stress. Idesia (Chile). 31(1), 101-107.
Azevedo Neto AD, Nogueira RJ, Melo Filho PA, Santos RC (2010). Physiological and biochemical responses of peanut genotypes to water deficit. Journal of Plant Interactions. 5(1), 1-10.
Basu S, Ramegowda V, Kumar A, Pereira A (2016) Plant adaptation to drought stress. F1000Research 5. doi: 10.12688 /f1000research.7678.1
Bates LS, Waldren RP, Teare ID (1973) Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil. 39(1), 205-207.
Behzadi Rad P, Roozban MR, Karimi S, Ghahremani R, Vahdati K (2021) Osmolyte accumulation and sodium compartmentation has a key role in salinity tolerance of pistachios rootstocks. Agriculture. 11(8), 708.
Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry. 72(1-2), 248-254.
Cherighi M, Erfanimoghadam J, Ashraf mehrabi A (2015) Vital Reactions of Wild Pistachio Seeds (Pistacia atlantica) to Seed Priming, Scarification and Chemical Treatments. Ecology of Iranian forest. 3(6), 36-45.
del Carmen Gijón MC, Gimenez D, Perez-López J, Guerrero JF, Couceiro, Moriana A (2010) Rootstock influences the response of pistachio (Pistacia vera L. cv. Kerman) to water stress and rehydration. Scientia Horticulturae. 125(4), 666-671.
Eslami M, Nasibi F, Manouchehri Kalantari K, Khezri M, Oloumi H (2019) Effect of exogenous application of L-arginine and sodium nitroprusside on fruit abscission and physiological disorders of pistachio (Pistacia Vera L.) scions. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 6(1), 51-62.
Esmaeilpour A, Van Labeke MC, Samson R, Van Damme P (2015) Osmotic stress affects physiological responses and growth characteristics of three pistachio cultivars. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 37(6), 1-14.
Esmaeilpour A, Van Labeke MC, Samson R, Boeckx P, Van Damme P (2016) Variation in biochemical characteristics, water status, stomata features, leaf carbon isotope composition and its relationship to water use efficiency in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars under drought stress condition. Scientia Horticulturae 211, 158-166.
Fahimi Khoyerdi F, Shamshiri MH, Estaji A (2016) Changes in some physiological and osmotic parameters of several pistachio genotypes under drought stress. Scientia Horticulturae. 198, 44-51.
Gallé A, Haldimann P, Feller U (2007) Photosynthetic performance and water relations in young pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens) trees during drought stress and recovery. New Phytologist. 174(4), 799-810.
Gharaghani A, Mohammadi Javarzaria A, Vahdati K (2018) Kaolin particle film alleviates adverse effects of light and heat stresses and improves nut and kernel quality in Persian walnut. Scientia Horticulturae. 239, 35–40.
González‐Villagra J, Cohen JD, Reyes‐Díaz, MM (2019) Abscisic acid is involved in phenolic compounds biosynthesis, mainly anthocyanins, in leaves of Aristotelia chilensis plants (Mol.) subjected to drought stress. Physiologia Plantarum. 165(4), 855-866.
Hare PD, Cress WA, Van Staden J (1998) Dissecting the roles of osmolyte accumulation during stress. Plant Cell Environ. 21, 535–553.
Li-Ping BAI, Fang-Gong SUI, Ti-Da GE, Zhao-Hui, SUN, Yin-Yan, LU, Guang-Sheng ZH OU (2006) Effect of soil drought stress on leaf water status, membrane permeability and enzymatic antioxidant system of maize. Pedosphere. 16(3), 326-332.
Lotfi N, Soleimani A, Vahdati K, Çakmakçı R. (2019) Comprehensive biochemical insights into the seed germination of walnut under drought stress. Scientia Horticulturae. 250, 329-43.
Lotfi N, Vahdati K, Kholdebarin B and Amiri R (2010a) Drought-induced accumulation of sugars and proline in radicle and plumule of tolerant walnut varieties during germination phase. Acta Horticulturae. 861, 289-296.
Lotfi N, Vahdati K, Kholdebarin B, Hassani D and Amiri R (2010b) Peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase activity accumulation in leaves and roots of walnut trees in response to drought stress. Acta Horticulturae. 861, 309-316.
Luo LJ (2010). Breeding for water-saving and drought-resistance rice (WDR) in China. Journal of experimental Botany. 61(13), 3509-3517.
Manavalan LP, Guttikonda S K, Phan Tran LS, Nguyen HT (2009) Physiological and molecular approaches to improve drought resistance in soybean. Plant and Cell Physiology. 50(7), 1260-1276.
Mansouri Daneshvar MR, Ebrahimi M, Nejadsoleymani H (2019) An overview of climate change in Iran: facts and statistics. Environmental Systems Research. 8(1), 1-10.
Mohsenzadeh S, Malboobi MA, Razavi K, Farrahi-Aschtiani S (2006) Physiological and molecular responses of Aeluropus lagopoides (Poaceae) to water deficit. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 56(3), 314-322.
Moriana A, Memmi H, Centeno A, Martín-Palomo MJ, Corell M, Torrecillas A, Pérez-López D (2018) Influence of rootstock on pistachio (Pistacia vera L. cv Kerman) water relations. Agricultural Water Management. 202, 263-270.
Nazoori F, ZamaniBahramabadi E, Mirdehghan H, Yousefi M (2022) Preharvest application of sulfur as pesticide on fresh hull and kernel of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 9(1), 117-129.
Pinelo M, Rubilar M, Sineiro J, Núñez MJ (2004) Extraction of antioxidant phenolics from almond hulls (Prunus amygdalus) and pine sawdust (Pinus pinaster). Food Chemistry. 85, 267–273.
Porra RJ (2002) The chequered history of the development and use of simultaneous equations for the accurate determination of chlorophylls a and b. Photosynthesis Research 73(1), 149-156. https://doi .org/10. 1023/A:1020470224740
Rose R, Rose CL, Omi SK, Forry KR, Durall DM, Bigg WL (1991) Starch determination by perchloric acid vs enzymes: evaluating the accuracy and precision of six colorimetric methods. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 39(1), 2-11.
Ruehr NK, Grote R, Mayr S, Arneth A (2019) Beyond the extreme: recovery of carbon and water relations in woody plants following heat and drought stress. Tree Physiology. 39(8), 1285-1299.
Shamshiri MH, Fattahi M (2014). Evaluation of two biochemical markers for salt stress in three pistachio rootstocks inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae). Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry. 10(1), 335-346.
Shamshiri MH, Hasani MR (2015) Synergistic accumulative effects between exogenous salicylic acid and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in pistachio (Pistacia Vera cv. Abareqi) seedlings under drought stress. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 2(2), 151-160.
Sharifkhah M, Bakhshi D, Pourghayoumi M, Abdi S, Hokmabadi H (2020) Effect of pollination time on yield and antioxidant properties of some pistachio cultivars. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 7(1), 51-58.
Soroori S, Danaee E (2023) Effects of foliar application of citric acid on morphological and phytochemical traits of Calendula officinalis L. under Drought Stress Conditions. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 10(3), 361-374.
Strasser RJ, Srivastava A, Tsimilli-Michael M (2000) The fluorescence transient as a tool to characterize and screen photosynthetic samples. Probing Photosynthesis: Mechanisms, Regulation and Adaptation. 445-483.
Tardieu F (2013). Plant response to environmental conditions: assessing potential production, water demand, and negative effects of water deficit. Frontiers in Physiology. 4, 17.
Vahdati K, Lotfi N, Kholdebarin B, Hasani D and Amiri R (2009) Screening for drought-tolerant genotypes of Persian walnuts (Juglans regia L.) during seed germination. HortScience. 44(7), 1815–1819.
Vaidya S, Vanaja M, Lakshmi NJ, Sowmya P, Anitha Y, Sathish P (2015). Variability in drought stress induced responses of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) enotypes. Biochemistry and Physiology. 4(149), 2.
Van Handel E (1968). Direct microdetermination of sucrose. Analytical Biochemistry. 22(2), 280-283.
Yadav SK, Jyothi Lakshmi N, Singh V, Patil A, Tiwar YK, Nagendram E (2013) In vitro screening of Vigna mungo genotypes for PEG induced moisture deficit stress. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology. 18, 55-60.