Effects of Various Irrigation Levels and Biochar-Based Fertilizers on Peanut Production

Subject Areas : Abiotic stress physiology

Mahmoud  M. Abbas ¹ (Plant Nutrition Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt)
Khalood  W. Abooud ² (Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, College of Medical Techology, Al-Farahidi University, Iraq)
Amjed  Qasim Mohammed ³ (Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, Maysan, Iraq)
Sura  Hasan Al-Zubaidi ⁴ (Anesthesia Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq)
A'laa Hassan  Abdul Hussain ⁵ (College of Dentistry, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq)
Noora  M. Hameed ⁶ (Anesthesia techniques, Al–Nisour University College, Iraq)
Ahmed  Ayoob Ibrahim ⁷ (Medical Laboratory Technology, Ashur University College, Baghdad, Iraq)
Kahtan  A. Mohammed ⁸ (Department of Medical Physics, Hilla University College, Babylon, Iraq)
Maytham  T. Qasim ⁹ (Department of Anesthesia, College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq)
Heba  Takleef al salami ¹⁰ (Altoosi University College, Najaf, Iraq)
Salam  Ahjel ¹¹ (Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq)
Kholoud  Ahmad batayneh ¹² (Al Israa University, Amman, Jordan)

Received: 2022-05-20 Accepted : 2022-07-27 Published : 2022-12-01

Keywords: Peanut, harvest index, water use efficiency, Fertilizer management, Irrigation Management,

Abstract :

Biochar-based fertilizers, customized to specific soil conditions, have piqued public attention to enhance soil quality and carbon sequestration. The incorporation of biochar into agricultural fields can become a primary factor in the preservation of soil productivity and fertility. However, there is still no conclusive experimental evidence to support this claim. In this study, a split-plot experiment was carried out according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) using three replications to evaluate the influence of irrigation and varied amounts of biochar-based fertilizer on peanut plants' yield to determine the water use efficiency (WUE). The primary treatment with different irrigation cycles and no irrigation, and the sub-treatment with biochar-based fertilizer of 50, 100, and 150 kg N ha-1 and no fertilizer, were performed in Sulaymaniyah which is located in the east of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The results revealed that the seven-day irrigation cycle produces the largest pods and seeds, with 4325 and 2435 kg ha-1 yields, respectively. The 100 kg ha-1 biochar-based fertilizer yielded the highest output, with a pod yield of 3652 kg ha-1 and a seed yield of 1921 kg ha-1. According to the results of the interaction between irrigation management and biochar-based fertilizer, the irrigation treatment had a maximum seed yield of seven-day and the fertilizer treatment had a maximum seed output of 100 kg N ha-1 with an average of 3462 kg ha-1. The variance analysis results indicate that water use efficiency in irrigation management, different levels of biochar-based fertilizer, and their combined effect on total biomass, seed, and pods were significant.

References:

Abady S, Shimelis H, Janila P (2019) Farmers’ perceived constraints to groundnut production, their variety choice and preferred traits in eastern Ethiopia: implications for drought-tolerance breeding. Journal of Crop Improvement 33, 505–521.

Abdipour M, Hosseinifarahi M, Najafian S (2019) Effects of humic acid and cow manure biochar (CMB) in culture medium on growth and mineral concentrations of basil plant. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 6(1), 27-38.

Abdulrahman HH, Ahmed AQ, Abtar AN (2019) Parametric Studies on Solar Performance of Iwan in Traditional Houses in Sulaymaniyah’s old Town. Sulaimania Journal for Engineering Sciences 6.

Al-Hilfy IH, Al-Salmani SA (2019) Effect of Planting Date and Calcium Spraying on Peanut Quality. Advances in Environmental Biology. 13, 7–13.

da Silva AC, Silva Viana J, Ferreira de Oliveira JF, Cordeiro Junior JJF, Goncalves EP, Gomes da Silva VS, Ribeiro Soares AN (2018) Application of dairy residue in peanut ('Arachis hypogaea’L.) cultivated in Northeastern Brazil. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 12, 1144–1149.

Daudi H, Shimelis H, Laing M, Okori P, Mponda O (2018) Groundnut production constraints, farming systems, and farmer-preferred traits in Tanzania. Journal of Crop Improvement. 32, 812–828.

De Santis P, Mengistu DK, Kidane YG, Nankya R, De Santis B, Moracci G, Debegnach F, Marsiglia R, Reverberi M (2021) Negligible Levels of Mycotoxin Contamination in Durum Wheat and Groundnuts from Non-Intensive Rainfed Production Systems. Sustainability 13, 10309.

 

Diaz-Vazquez D, Carrillo-Nieves D, Orozco-Nunnelly DA, Senés-Guerrero C, Gradilla-Hernández MS (2021) An integrated approach for the assessment of environmental sustainability in agro-industrial waste management practices: the case of the tequila industry. Frontiers in Environmental Science. 9, 229.

Dima M, Diaconu A, Drăghici R, Drăghici I, Croitoru M, Constantinescu E, Sturzu R (2019) Variability Of Characteristics And Traits In Some Genotypes Of Foreign Peanuts Grown On The Sandy Soils Of Southern Oltenia. Annals of the University of Craiova-Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series. 49, 71–74.

Djaman K, Irmak S, Rathje WR, Martin DL, Eisenhauer DE (2013) Maize evapotranspiration, yield production functions, biomass, grain yield, harvest index, and yield response factors under full and limited irrigation. Transactions of the ASABE. 56, 373–393.

El-Habbasha SF, Okasha EM, Abdelraouf RE, Mohammed ASH (2014) Effect of pressured irrigation systems, deficit irrigation and fertigation rates on yield, quality and water use efficiency of groundnut. International Journal of ChemTech Research. 15, 01.

Enders A, Hanley K, Whitman T, Joseph S, Lehmann J (2012) Characterization of biochars to evaluate recalcitrance and agronomic performance. Bioresource Technology. 114, 644–653.

Eyhorn F, Muller A, Reganold JP, Frison E, Herren HR, Luttikholt L, Mueller A, Sanders J, Scialabba NE-H, Seufert V (2019) Sustainability in global agriculture driven by organic farming. Nature Sustainability. 2, 253–255.

Frank A, Frank R, Popović L (2014) Role of Drought Early Warning and Social Planning in Industrial Growth. International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 5, 45.

Gonzaga MIS, da Silva PSO, de Jesus Santos JC, de Oliveira Junior LFG (2019) Biochar increases plant water use efficiency and biomass production while reducing Cu concentration in Brassica juncea L. in a Cu-contaminated soil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 183, 109557.

Hirpara DV, Sakarvadia HL, Jadeja AS, Vekaria LC, Ponkia HP (2019) Response of boron and molybdenum on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under medium black calcareous soil. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 8, 671–677.

Hooshmand M, Albaji M, zadeh Ansari NA (2019) The effect of deficit irrigation on yield and yield components of greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in hydroponic culture in Ahvaz region, Iran. Scientia Horticulturae. 254, 84–90.

Jeffery S, Verheijen FG, van der Velde M, Bastos AC (2011) A quantitative review of the effects of biochar application to soils on crop productivity using meta-analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 144, 175–187.

Khan TA, Saud AS, Jamari SS, Ab Rahim MH, Park JW, Kim HJ (2019) Hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic biomass for carbon rich material preparation: A review. Biomass and Bioenergy. 130, 105384.

Launio CC, Luis JS, Angeles YB (2018) Factors influencing adoption of selected peanut protection and production technologies in Northern Luzon, Philippines. Technology in Society. 55, 56–62.

Meemken EM, Qaim M (2018) Organic agriculture, food security, and the environment. Annual Review of Resource Economics. 10, 39–63.

Mo J, Yang Q, Zhang N, Zhang W, Zheng Y, Zhang Z (2018) A review on agro-industrial waste (AIW) derived adsorbents for water and wastewater treatment. Journal of Environmental Management. 227, 395–405.

Molajou A, Afshar A, Khosravi M, Soleimanian E, Vahabzadeh M, Variani HA (2021) A new paradigm of water, food, and energy nexus. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 1–11.

Montemurro F, Ciaccia C, Leogrande R, Ceglie F, Diacono M (2015) Suitability of different organic amendments from agro-industrial wastes in organic lettuce crops. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. 102, 243–252.

Morales M, Oakley L, Sartori AL, Mogni VY, Atahuachi M, Vanni RO, Fortunato RH, Prado DE (2019) Diversity and conservation of legumes in the Gran Chaco and biogeograpical inferences. PloS One. 14, e0220151.

Mukherjee A, Lal R (2013) Biochar impacts on soil physical properties and greenhouse gas emissions. Agronomy. 3, 313–339.

Murad SH, Salih YMM (2020) Comparable Investigation for Rainfall Forecasting using Different Data Mining Approaches in Sulaymaniyah City in Iraq. International Journal of Advances in Life Science and Technology. 4, 11–18.

Nadaf H, Chandrashekhara G, Babu H (2020) Aflatoxin contamination in groundnut under normal moisture and moisture stress field conditions. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. 9, 1083–1088.

Omae H, Kumar A, Egawa Y, Kashiwaba K, Shono M (2005) Midday drop of leaf water content related to drought tolerance in snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Plant Production Science. 8, 465–467.

Özçimen D, Ersoy-Meriçboyu A (2010) Characterization of biochar and bio-oil samples obtained from carbonization of various biomass materials. Renewable Energy. 35, 1319–1324.

Seow YX, Tan YH, Mubarak NM, Kansedo J, Khalid M, Ibrahim ML, Ghasemi M (2021) A review on biochar production from different biomass wastes by recent carbonization technologies and its sustainable applications. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 107017.

Sikder S, Joardar JC (2019) Biochar production from poultry litter as management approach and effects on plant growth. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture. 8, 47–58.

Smider B, Singh B (2014) Agronomic performance of a high ash biochar in two contrasting soils. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 191, 99–107.

Solaiman ZM, Blackwell P, Abbott LK, Storer P (2010) Direct and residual effect of biochar application on mycorrhizal root colonisation, growth and nutrition of wheat. Soil Research. 48, 546–554.

Soleimanian E, Afshar A, Molajou A (2022) A review on water simulation models for the WEF Nexus: development perspective. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 1–17.

Van Zwieten L, Kimber S, Morris S, Chan KY, Downie A, Rust J, Joseph S, Cowie A (2010) Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility. Plant and Soil. 327, 235–246.

Xiang Y, Deng Q, Duan H, Guo Y (2017) Effects of biochar application on root traits: a meta-analysis. GCB Bioenergy. 9, 1563–1572.

Zhang D, Yan M, Niu Y, Liu X, van Zwieten L, Chen D, Bian R, Cheng K, Li L, Joseph S (2016) Is current biochar research addressing global soil constraints for sustainable agriculture? Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 226, 25–32.

Zhang J, Yun G, Feng GUO, Li X, Wan S (2020) Research progress on the mechanism of improving peanut yield by single-seed precision sowing. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 19, 1919–1927.

Zhao S, Lü J, Xu X, Lin X, Luiz Mr, Qiu S, Ciampitti I, Ping He (2021) Peanut yield, nutrient uptake and nutrient requirements in different regions of China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 20, 2502–2511.