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List of Articles
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Open Access Article
1 - Early Islamic Architecture and Structural Configurations
Kubilay KaptanIslam spread rapidly after its founding, encompassing much of North Africa, the Middle East, andSoutheast Asia. The art of this vast region draws its distinctive character both from Islam itself and from the diverse cultural traditions of the world’s Muslims. Beca MoreIslam spread rapidly after its founding, encompassing much of North Africa, the Middle East, andSoutheast Asia. The art of this vast region draws its distinctive character both from Islam itself and from the diverse cultural traditions of the world’s Muslims. Because Islam discouraged the use of figurative images, particularly inreligious contexts- unlike Christian art- Islamic artists developed a rich vocabulary of aniconic, or nonfigural, ornamentthat is a hallmark of Islamic work. This vocabulary includes complex geometric patterns and the scrolling vinesknown outside the Islamic world as arabesques. Figural representation, to the extent it was permitted which variedfrom time to time and place to place, first developed most prominently in regions with strong pre-Islamic figuraltraditions, such as those that had been under the control of the Roman and Byzantine empires. Stylized forms forrepresenting animals and plants developed in the regions that had been under the control of the Sassanian dynasty ofPersia (modern Iran), the heirs of the artistic traditions of the ancient Near East, who ruled from 226 to 641. Becausethe Arabian birthplace of Islam had little art, these Persian and Roman Byzantine influences shaped Islamic art in itsformative centuries.The elements of early early Islamic architecture were formed to respond effectively to people’s physical, environmental,social, physiological and religious requirements at their time. The research demonstrates that architects used tocopy-paste various elements of the Islamic historical buildings in their design work without understanding the meaningsand values that it holds. Such approach would only transfer the element’s form though strips it from its historicalcontext and values. The paper argues that architect should comprehend not only the hidden values of the historicalelements only but also how values interacted and are integrated into these elements. By doing so, the architect wouldbe able to correctly perceive and read these elements thus incorporate it successfully in his/ her design. This articlegives perspective of early Islamic architecture and structural configurations of the related era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - An Investigation of Global-Regional Interactional Approach at the Prominent Works of Contemporary Iranian Architects
Qader Bayzidi Iraj Etesam Farah Habib Seyed Mostafa Mokhtabad AmreiRegionalism is an analytical and critical perspective which focuses on preserving special features of place andattempts to fill the vacuum in architecture. Globalization is a complex multi-stage process that causes increasing complexity oftime and place, greater awarene MoreRegionalism is an analytical and critical perspective which focuses on preserving special features of place andattempts to fill the vacuum in architecture. Globalization is a complex multi-stage process that causes increasing complexity oftime and place, greater awareness across the global and acceleration of cross cultural interactions. Therefore, the present paperattempts to analyze global-regional interactional approach through investigating contemporary Iranian architecture in relationshipwith the aforementioned phenomena and also tries to provide practical advice on establishing a constructive interaction. Theresearch methodology is based on content analysis and case study.The results obtained from investigating striking cases of 4 eras of contemporary Iranian architecture and presented as a table ofglobal-regional interaction components (physical, semantic and ecological) show that an interactional approach is becomingincreasingly popular and global-regional coexistence is being formed in contemporary Iranian architecture, which associates withspirit of time and its regional components. A dynamic presence and playing a componential role by contemporary Iranianarchitects in this interaction have some prerequisites: an understanding of contemporary pluralism, an understanding of the otherand establishing interaction, emphasis on the role of thought, creation and innovation, objective research, a good understandingof identity and place, past recall and identifying components of Iranian architecture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Khoy’s Expansion from Early Islam to Late QajarAccording to Historical Documents
Lida Balilan Asl Elham JafariKhoy, one of the major cities in the west Azarbaijan province is known for its nature, military, borderpositions, proximity to the Silk Road, including many different cultures and overall is one of the important settlements in thearea. This essay investigates Khoy city& MoreKhoy, one of the major cities in the west Azarbaijan province is known for its nature, military, borderpositions, proximity to the Silk Road, including many different cultures and overall is one of the important settlements in thearea. This essay investigates Khoy city’s expansion, from early Islam until late Qajar (Fourth - Fourteenth century) according tohistorical documents. This article has been completed, by the help of different types of historical written sources, itineraries,documents and maps (Matrakiminiature and Russian map). This article also illustrates how the location of the town citadel hasfrequently changed during centuries. In the Fourth century (AH), the citadel was located in the west of its current position but unfortunately in the fifth and sixth centuries it has had an ambiguous location and eventually sometimes in the Seventh oreighthcentury was shifted to its today’s location. Next centuries (eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth) until 1941AD/ 1360AH, locationwas in current position. Also destruction of khoy is mentioned 4 times in sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Public Urban Spaces: Reflecting the Collective Rituals(Iranian Tkayay and Hosseiniyeh)
Hamidreza Shoaie Seyed Mostafa Mokhtabad Amrei Farah HabibIslamic and Iranian cities, both, East and West, know the physical monuments of Islamic culture1 basedon one of the features of the Islamic cities. Meanwhile, other religious centers, including Tkaya, Hosseiniyeh and hospiceis not the case to considerate, while these el MoreIslamic and Iranian cities, both, East and West, know the physical monuments of Islamic culture1 basedon one of the features of the Islamic cities. Meanwhile, other religious centers, including Tkaya, Hosseiniyeh and hospiceis not the case to considerate, while these elements cause to shape group behavior, strengthen social ties and strengtheningof cultural integration, have always played a major role. These reasons reflect the role of the religious and their religiousmission to, Imam Hussein: have been lasting and eternal ever. On the other hand, religious buildings, including mosques,Hosseiniyeh, the convent, the grave and so for various reasons such as “governing their spirituality,” “Historical Background”,“architectural style” and “cultural works - social among people of the past had been of special aspects “sanctity”. Materialsand Methods, “descriptors” and “analytic” in addition, with reference to theories and models of sustainability and sustainableurban spaces using “argument” and “analog” to review these theories and extend them to Hosseiniyeh and Tkaya discussedand some results in this direction are mentioned. Research findings show the survival of Tkaya and Hosseiniyeh beliefs,beliefs, customs and religion of citizens, especially their integration with the components is related to religious values andreflecting the traditional city is based on the formation of beliefs is that survival, Protection and maintenance Hosseiniyehpaid actor and in which viewers of this show and passionate Hosseini mourning single entity to have formed; If due to theimpact of beliefs and opinions of people throughout history has been a Hosseiniyeh as a phenomenon of religious valuesand that its inclusion has been persistent throughout history and reflect the beliefs of religious people and the world towardsImam Ali, Imam Hussein: future date will remain the eternal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Sustainable Criteria Evaluation ofNeighbourhoods Through Residents’ Perceived Needs
Rama Ghalambor DezfoolyFollowing the changes in the paradigm of urban studies in recent years, sustainability has become anincreasingly important issue in the neighborhood’s planning and designing. However, this concept has originally beendeveloped for American and European neighborhood MoreFollowing the changes in the paradigm of urban studies in recent years, sustainability has become anincreasingly important issue in the neighborhood’s planning and designing. However, this concept has originally beendeveloped for American and European neighborhoods’ planning, it could also be customized for other neighborhoods’.Additionally, in the neighborhood scale, the quality parameter factors are more sensible and understandable. Therefore,attention to use these parameters may have better results for neighborhood sustainability concept.This paper claims that if subjective indicators that customized with local context and derived from residents’ perceptionabout sustainable neighborhood are being used, significant differences between residents’ valuing on subjective criteria ofsustainability from one neighborhood to another would be found. For this claim, the paper has studied the two neighborhoodsof Tehran, as a metropolis with different socio-economic and socio-cultural diversity in its neighborhoods. The findingsshow that the resulted criteria in the neighborhoods of Tehran, in comparison to each other, have meaningful differences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Assessment of Bicycle Use as a New Practical Strategyto Achieve Sustainable Development(Case study:Bahonar Street, Tehran,Iran)
Hossein Zabihi Mohammad Reza Daroudi, Nastaran PeimaniIn recent decades, urban planning has tended to humanist urbanism. In this regard foot travels and bicycle useare the two strategies that urban planners and transportation engineers are using them as adequate alternatives for making citiesmore people friendly. Using bic MoreIn recent decades, urban planning has tended to humanist urbanism. In this regard foot travels and bicycle useare the two strategies that urban planners and transportation engineers are using them as adequate alternatives for making citiesmore people friendly. Using bicycle is known as a strategy that has a great role in decreasing traffic among developing countriesin recent decades. These countries have taken great steps by reducing traffic congestion and environmental pollutions to reachthe sustainable development using comprehensive legislations in this context. This paper aims to assess and analyse the successfulcountries’ experiences specifically Holland and Denmark as countries that have eliminated extensive amount of traffic difficultiesby using bicycle transportation system. Also, investigating this form of transportation regarding the improvement of bicycle useculture in the case study of Niavaran district will be conducted. This article has been implemented in the basis of librarybasedphase of the research, case study method and observation for its field study phase. Tosum up, the findings of this study comprisethe feasibility of bicycle use in the mentioned case study; in which despite of district¢s high slope, efficient proposals have beenused to achieve sustainable development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Temporal Dimension Evaluation by Fuzzy TOPSIS Method
Maliheh Hashemi Tilehnoei Mehdi Amiri ArefThis paper evaluates and ranks the temporal dimensions, known as fourth dimension of urban design, of anumber of places in a city by TOPSIS method. TOPSIS method is technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution.TOPSIS is one of the renowned methods for MoreThis paper evaluates and ranks the temporal dimensions, known as fourth dimension of urban design, of anumber of places in a city by TOPSIS method. TOPSIS method is technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution.TOPSIS is one of the renowned methods for classical multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems that defines thepositive ideal solution and negative ideal solution to maximize the benefit criteria and minimize the cost criteria. The bestsolution is a point that has the shortest distance from the positive ideal solution and the farthest distance from the negativeideal solution. Because of the vagueness of the input data, triangular fuzzy numbers are applied. In addition, Euclidian distanceand a new positive and negative ideal solution are used in this paper. This technique is implemented in Marand, Iran to evaluatefifteen important places based on eight criteria of temporal dimensions. Closeness coefficient values verify the ranking orderof fifteen important places, which is a vital decision for the urban managers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Effects of Temperature Fluctuation and Air Aridity on Architecture(Case Study: Dastkand Village Located at Kerman Province)
Zahra Barzegar Nooshin KarimiConstructed upon a height (by footing) or breaking in to the ground, in a building, making a close relationbetween earth and soil is of great importance. In addition, earth as a prior factor in creation of a shade and residence, plays acrucial role in architecture histo MoreConstructed upon a height (by footing) or breaking in to the ground, in a building, making a close relationbetween earth and soil is of great importance. In addition, earth as a prior factor in creation of a shade and residence, plays acrucial role in architecture history. Throughout the different area, earth is paid attention differently: as a source of cool (inChina), a source of heat (Cappadocia, Turkey), and conversely as an offensive source in Amazon forests. In hot-arid climates,proximity to earth is useful to apply the heat in the buildings. Present study aims to investigate the mentioned factor inDastkand village located at Kerman province. Mountainous moderate climate, cold and icy winters and moderate summers isof the considerable properties of the studied area. The maximum and minimum temperature was recorded, 42 and -18° C duringsummer and winter, respectively. Hence, in addition to cultural as well as economic factors, temperature fluctuation played akey role in breaking the buildings in to the ground. So, this study assists to investigate the studied area within natural bed, in planand section. On this basis, technical methods of earth profiting throughout the studied area have been investigated, in order toprofit earth in modern architecture. Results showed a harmony between dominant winds and buildings in winter and summer.Moreover, profiting from high sun shining with special architecture is of Meymand village characteristic. Using breaking in tothe ground technique, 26.57 % decrease occurred in cooling need, annually. On the other hand, Day-Degree heating need hasreduced to approximately 13.65 % annually solely by earth profiting technique. Overall, results demonstrate a harmonybetween applied technique and the studied region climate. Besides, there reported a proper isotropy between temperaturefluctuation and air aridity throughout the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Explaining theComponents of Sustainability in Urban Communities
Hamed Moztarzadeh Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani Vahideh HodjatiCommunity is the main pillar of the urban body; and balance of social life in cities depends on preservingcommunities. During the twentieth century, the idea of residential-centered community has been offered in many moderntheories and has been widely accepted for solvi MoreCommunity is the main pillar of the urban body; and balance of social life in cities depends on preservingcommunities. During the twentieth century, the idea of residential-centered community has been offered in many moderntheories and has been widely accepted for solving urban various problems such as management, social and human relations,health and welfare issues and aspects of meaning and identity.On the contrary, the concept of sustainable urban development has been considered a scientific issue in all societies inrecent decades, when much of the literature on urban development has been allocated to the issue. The main argument ofthis paper is two issues of sustainability and urban communities, as well as how to link them in a topic.The paper will describe the necessity and importance of creating sustainable communities which have been originated fromthe consequences of climate change. Then, the concepts of sustainability and community are clarified; and finally thecomponents of creating a sustainable community will be examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Integrating Civil Defense Emergency Management of Cities(Case Study: District 10 of Tehran)
Hedieh Imani Alvecheh Zahra Sadat Saeideh Zarabadi Hamideh Aghamahdi SarrafEarthquake has always endangered cities. This article mainly focuses on the question “whether seismicdamages could be diminished through the presentation a preventive operational pattern dealing with physical and nonphysicalfeatures of civil defense”. Tehran MoreEarthquake has always endangered cities. This article mainly focuses on the question “whether seismicdamages could be diminished through the presentation a preventive operational pattern dealing with physical and nonphysicalfeatures of civil defense”. Tehran, the most populous metropolis among Iranian cities is to the south of Alborz mountainrange, located on potentially dangerous fault- lines.By Civil Defense Emergency Management (CDEM) preventive guidelines in a part of district 10 of Tehran, within the Rayfault’s danger zone, it is recommended that the earthquake vulnerability zoning plot of the area be compiled and accordingly,operational solutions encompassing organizing open spaces, redistributing and re-allocating land uses, enhancing relocatingdisaster management centers to more commanding locations are offered to be implemented within the physical structureof the area. The IHWP method and the Raster Calculator tool in GIS have been used for compiling the zoning of earthquakevulnerability. Manuscript profile
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