بررسی اثر تغذیه برکمیت و کیفیت اسانس گیاه دارویی Satureja khuzestanica Jamzad. ، در شرایط اکولوژیک خرم‌آباد
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی
شهلا احمدی
1
(مربی پژوهشی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی لرستان)
فاطمه سفیدکن
2
(استاد، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران)
بهلول عباس زاده
3
(عضو هیئت علمی موسسه تحقیقات جنگل ها و مراتع کشور)
مهناز فرهادی
4
(کارشناس، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان لرستان)
کلید واژه: اسانس, مرزه خوزستانی, خرم آباد, کارواکرول, تیمار تغذیه‌ای,
چکیده مقاله :
در این تحقیق به منظور بررسی اثر کود شیمیایی، دامی، ورمی کمپوست و تلفیق آنها برکمیت و کیفیت اسانس گیاه مرزه خوزستانی Satureja khuzestanica Jamzad. آزمایشی در باغ گیاه شناسی زاگرس، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان لرستان طی سالهای 1396-1399درقالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار انجام شد. تعداد واحدهای آزمایشی برابر 24 کرت، فاصله کرتها 100 سانتی‌متر، فاصله بوته‌ها 50 سانتی‌متر و ابعاد کرت 3 در 3 متر بود. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار (50,25,25) NPK، کود دامی 30 و 60 تن در هکتار، ورمی کمپوست 5 تن در هکتار ترکیب NPK با کودهای دامی و ورمی کمپوست بودند. زمان اعمال تیمارهای تغذیه فقط یک نوبت و در مرحله کاشت نشاء های تهیه شده در زمین اصلی بود. نمونه‌ها طی سه سال متوآلی به روش تقطیر با آب اسانس‌گیری شدند. اسانس‌ها بوسیله کروماتوگرافی گازی GC و کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف‌سنج جرمی GC/MS تجزیه و شناسایی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر سال و اثر متقابل سال در تیمار بر درصد و عملکرد اسانس به‌ترتیب در سطح احتمال 5 و یک درصد معنی دار است. براساس نتایج بدست آمده حداکثر بازده و عملکرد اسانس در سال سوم به‌ترتیب معادل 5/4 درصد و 433 کیلوگرم در هکتار و در تیمار NPK+M60 بدست آمد. کارواکرول (88/8-94/9، 89/6-96/0، 88/8-93/1 درصد) مهمترین ترکیب اسانس در تمام تیمارها و سالهای آزمایش بود. به‌طور کلی تیمارهای تغذیه موجب افزایش میزان اسانس و کارواکرول نسبت به شاهد شده و در طی سه سال آزمایش عملکرد وزن خشک و در نتیجه عملکرد اسانس روند افزایشی داشت. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که کاربرد کودهای آلی به تنهایی و یا در ترکیب با کود شیمیایی در بهبود عملکرد اسانس این گونه مرزه تاثیر مثبتی داشته و استفاده از روش تلفیقی تغذیه در مورد S. khuzestanica مقرون به صرفه می‌باشد.
This research was carried out to study the effects of chemical and biological fertilizers (manure and vermicompost), as well as their combinations on the quality and quantity of the essential oil content and composition of S. khuzestanica in Zagros Botanical Garden of Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center of Lorestan based on a complete random block design with 3 replications in 3 years, during 2016-2020. There were 24 plots of 3x3in the study, 100 cm away from each other, in which the plants were sown art a distance of 50 cm. The experimental treatments included 50 kg/ha of NPK (50, 25, 25), animal manure (30 and 60 tons/ha), vermicompost (5 tons/ha), and a combination of NPK combination and animal manure and vermicompost, all applied only once at the planting stage. During the flowering stage, shoots were harvested and their essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation. The essential oils were then analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The results of combined analysis of variance showed that the effects of year and interaction of year and fertilizer on the percentage of essential oil were significant at p≤0.05 and p≤0.01, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum essential oil percentage and oil yield in S. khuzistanica were 5.4% and 433 kg/ha with NPK + M60 treatment during the third year. Carvacrol (93.1-88.8, 96.0-89.6,94.9-88.8 percent) was the most important composition of the essential oil in all treatments and years of the experiment. In general, the nutritional treatments increased the amount of essential oil and carvacrol compared to the control, and during the three years of testing, the yield of dry weight and therefore essential oil increased. The results of this research indicated that the use of organic fertilizers alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers has a positive effect on improving the essential oil yields, and the use of integrated nutrition method for S. khuzestania is economic.
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