بررسی و مقایسه فیتوشیمیایی و اثر ضدقارچی اسانس گونه‌های مختلف دارویی علیه قارچ Alternaria alternata عامل بیماری لکه موجی گوجه‌فرنگی

محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی

حسن مهدوی کیا ¹ (استادیار گروه گیاهان دارویی-مرکز آموزش عالی شهید باکری میاندوآب-دانشگاه ارومیه-ایران)
عبداله احمدپور ² (استادیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی پایدار، مرکز آموزش عالی شهید باکری میاندوآب، دانشگاه ارومیه.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1397/12/22 تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/05/17 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/06/01

کلید واژه: اسانس, گاز کروماتوگرافی, Alternaria alternata, بیماری پس از برداشت, مبارزه بیولوژیکی,

چکیده مقاله :

یکی از مهمترین عوامل محدود کننده تولید و نگهداری گوجه‌فرنگی در ایران، بیماری لکه‌موجی با عامل Alternaria alternata می باشد. تحقیقات نشان داده است برخی متابولیت‌های ثانویه گیاهان دارویی در جلوگیری از رشد قارچ‌ها مؤثر بوده و جایگزین مناسبی برای سموم شیمیایی هستند. در تحقیق حاضر، برگ و سرشاخه گلدار آویشن، پونه، نعناع فلفلی، مرزه، نعناع ارومیه در مرحله شروع گلدهی، سرشاخه‌های گل‌دار بومادران زرد در مرحله گلدهی کامل و بذور رسیده رازیانه، شوید و زنیان در سال 1396 از باغ گیاهان دارویی مرکز آموزش عالی شهید باکری میاندوآب جمع آوری و پس از شناسایی مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. برگ‌های بالغ گیاه دارویی اکالیپتوس نیز در تابستان سال 1396 از استان فارس، شهرستان فراشبند جمع‌آوری و مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. اسانس مواد گیاهی به روش تقطیر با آب و با استفاده از دستگاه کلونجر استخراج شد و ترکیبات اسانس همه گونه‌ها با استفاده از دستگاه گاز کروماتوگرافی مشخص گردید. اثر ضد قارچی اسانس‌های استخراج شده روی رشد کلونی قارچ Alternaria alternata به روش اختلاط اسانس با محیط کشت PDA با غلظت‌های صفر، 200، 400، 800 و 1200 ppm در سه تکرار بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد، نوع و غلظت اسانس بر جلوگیری از رشد کلونی قارچ تاثیر معنی‌داری دارد. بیشترین تاثیر بازدارندگی مربوط به اسانس مرزه، زنیان و آویشن در غلظت‌های 800 و 1200 ppm و اسانس گیاه دارویی شوید در غلظت 1200 ppm می‌باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Tomato early blight disease, caused by the fungus Alternaria alternata, is one of the most devastating diseases for the crop in Iran and worldwide. Recent studies have shown that some secondary metabolites of medicinal plants are effective in preventing the growth of fungi and are a good alternative to the use of chemical pesticides. In the present study, ten medicinal plants including Eucalyptus sp., Thymus vulgaris, Mentha piperita, Mentha longifolia, Mentha aquatica, Satureja hortensis, Achillea millefolium, Foeniculum vulgare, Anethum graveolens, and Trachyspermum copticum were collected during 2016-2017. Their essential oils were extracted using Clevenger apparatus, and GC-MS device was used to identify the essential oil compounds. Antifungal activity of essential oils was assayed through the inhibition of fungal colony growth at five concentrations of 0, 200, 400, 800, and 1200 ppm in mixing with potato dextrose agar medium with three replicates. The findings revealed that fungus colony growth was inhibited with increases in essential oils concentrations, and there were significant differences among different essential oils. Essential oils of Satureja hortensis, Trachyspermum copticum and Thymus vulgaris in 800 and 1200 ppm and Anethum graveolens in 1200 ppm demonstrated the highest effect on fungus colony growth. This study found that Carvacrol, Thymol, Para-cymene, and Gamma-terpinene ingredients tend to have the highest antifungal effects.

منابع و مأخذ:

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