بررسی اثر کادمیم بر تغییرات رنگدانه‌ای، فیتوشیمیایی و آنتی‌اکسیدانی سه گونه دارویی Mentha aquatica L.، Trautv. Eryngium caucasicum و Froriepia subpinnata Ledeb.
محورهای موضوعی :
گیاهان دارویی
رقیه حسن پور
1
(گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران)
فائزه زعفریان
2
(گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری- ایران)
محمد رضوانی
3
(ﮔﺮوه زراﻋﺖ و اﺻﻼح ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ ﻗﺎﺋﻢﺷﻬﺮ، ﻗﺎﺋﻢﺷﻬر، ایران)
بهی جلیلی
4
(گروه خاک‌شناسی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری)
تاریخ دریافت : 1397/09/06
تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/05/13
تاریخ انتشار : 1398/06/01
کلید واژه:
کلروفیل,
عناصر سنگین,
فنل,
فلاونوئید,
گیاهان معطر,
چکیده مقاله :
کادمیم یکی از خطرناکترین عناصر سنگین است که به طور طبیعی و یا با فعالیت‌های انسانی وارد خاک می‌شود و سبب تنش اکسیداتیو در گیاهان می‌شود. لذا این مطالعه، جهت بررسی اثر کادمیم بر برخی از واکنش‌های فیزیولوژیک سه گیاه معطر شامل پونه (Mentha aquatica L.)، زولنگ (Eryngium caucasicum Trautv.) و اناریجه(Froriepia subpinnata Ledeb.) ، انجام شد. در سه آزمایش گلخانه‌ای، پنج غلظت کادمیم خاک شامل 0، 5، 10، 15 و 20 میلی‌گرم کادمیم در کیلوگرم خاک، در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با چهار تکرار در دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری در سال 1396-1395 بررسی شد. نشاء هر سه گیاه در گلدان‌های آلوده کشت شدند. قبل از مرحله گلدهی کلروفیل a، b، کاروتنوئید، فنل، فلاونوئید و ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدان اندام‌های هوایی اندازه‌گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد رنگدانه‌های برگ در هر سه گیاه با افزایش سطح کادمیم به صورت خطی کاهش یافت، اما میزان کاهش کاروتنوئید نسبت به کلروفیلa وb کمتر بود. همچنین کلروفیلb نسبت به کلروفیل a حساسیت بیشتری به کادمیم نشان داد. در حالی که فنل، فلاونوئیدها و ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی گیاهان با افزایش سطح کادمیم افزایش یافت. گیاه پونه بیشترین میانگین فنل (89/65 میلی‌گرم در گرم)، فلاونوئید (88/146 میلی‌گرم در گرم) و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدان (49/98 درصد) را به خود اختصاص داد. در مجموع نتایج نشان داد رنگدانه‌های گیاهی تحت تاثیر سمیت کادمیم قرار گرفتند و با توجه به این که گیاهان مورد نظر غنی از ترکیبات آنتی‌اکسیدان هستند؛ افزایش این ترکیبات در مواجه با تنش کادمیم نشان دهنده‌ی نوعی مکانسیم دفاعی سه گیاه برای مقابله با تنش می-باشد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Cadmium is one of the most dangerous heavy elements that naturally or by human activity enter to the soil and causes oxidative stress in plants. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cadmium on some of the physiological responses of three aromatic plants including water mint (Mentha aquatica L.), eryngo (Eryngium caucasicum Trautv.) and froriepia (Froriepia subpinnata Ledeb). In three experiments greenhouse, five concentrations of cadmium in soil containing 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg cadmium/kg soil was investigate in a completely randomized design with four replications at Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 2017. Seedlings of the all three plants were planted in pots of cadmium contaminated. In before flowering stage Chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid, phenol, flavonoid and antioxidant capacity of shoots were measured. Results showed that leaf pigment in the three all plants decreased linearly with increasing cadmium level, but carotenoid have the lower reduction of compared to chlorophyll a and b. Also chlorophyll b was more sensitive than chlorophyll a to cadmium. While, flavonoid, phenol and antioxidant capacity of plants increased with increasing cadmium levels. Water mint had the average highest phenol (65.89 mg/g), flavonoid (146.88 mg/g) and antioxidant activity (98.49%) than other two plants. Overall, the results showed that plant pigments were affected by cadmium toxicity, and as these plants are rich in antioxidant compounds, the increase of these compounds with increment of cadmium stress is a kind of defence mechanism of three plants for conflict with stress.
منابع و مأخذ:
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