ارزیابی تاثیر شرایط محیطی بر ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیکی، فیزیولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی در دو جمعیت گیاه چای کوهی (Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl) در استان زنجان
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان داروییمهناز وفادار 1 * , سید مصطفی محمدی 2 , زهره طغرانگار 3 , الهه وطن خواه 4
1 - گروه زیست شناسی دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
2 - گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه زنجا، زنجان، ایران
3 - گروه زیست شناسی دانشگاه زنجان
4 - گروه زیست شناسی دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
کلید واژه: اسانس, استان زنجان, اکوفیزیولوژی, چای کوهی, رویشگاه ,
چکیده مقاله :
در مطالعه حاضر، تاثیر عوامل محیطی بر روی برخی ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیکی، فیزیولوژیکی و نیز کمیت و کیفیت اسانس گیاه چای کوهی در دو منطقه طارم و قیدار در استان زنجان بررسی شد. جمع‌آوری نمونه‌های گیاهی در مرحلهی زایشی و نمونه‌های خاک در سه تکرار در بهار سال 1402 انجام شد. استخراج اسانس به‌روش تقطير با آب و با استفاده از دستگاه كلونجر و جداسازي و شناسايي تركيبات اسانس به‌وسیله دستگاه گاز كروماتوگرافي وکروماتوگرافی متصل به طیف‌سنجی جرمی انجام شد. ويژگيهاي خاك، صفات مورفولوژیکی، رشدی و فیزیولوژیکی نمونه‌ها سنجش گردید. نتایج، مقادیر و بازده بالاتر اسانس در نمونه‌های طارم و کیفیت بالاتر اسانس در قیدار را نشان داد. اسانس گیاهان قیدار و طارم به‌ترتیب حاوی 45 و 31 ترکیب بود. نتایج آنالیز خاک بیانگر مقادیر بالاتر اسیدیته، هدایت الکتریکی، کلسیم، فسفر، آهن، مس و منگنز در قیدار و مقادیر بالاتر ازت، روی و پتاسیم در طارم بود. همچنین مقدار کلروفیل a، b و کلروفیل کل و نیز میزان فلاوونوئید در گیاهان طارم بیشتر بود. با بررسی صفات مورفولوژیکی مشخص گردید که مقدار طول و عرض برگ، نسبت طول به عرض برگ، طول و عرض گل، طول محور گل‌آذين، طول ریشه و ارتفاع گياهان طارم بیشتر از قيدار بود که می‌تواند به شرایط رویشگاهی مساعدتر، ارتفاع كم‌تر از سطح دريا، هدایت الکتریکی خاك كم‌تر، خاک غنی‌تر از نظر عناصر مغذي و كربن آلي مربوط باشد. بنابراین یافته‌های حاصل از این تحقیق نشان‌دهنده تاثیر عوامل مختلف اکولوژیکی از‌جمله اقلیمی، رویشگاهی و خاکی بر عملکرد گیاهان و تولید متابولیت‌های ثانویه است.
In the present study, the effects of environmental factors on some morphological and physiological characteristics, as well as the quantity and quality of the essential oil of lamb,s ear plant (Stachys lavandulifolia) has been investigated in two regions of Zanjan province (Tarom and Qaidar). Plant samples were collected during the reproductive phase, and soil samples were collected in three replicates during spring 2023. Essential oil extraction was carried out by hydro-distillation method using a Clevenger-type apparatus, and the separation and identification of the essential oil components were performed using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Soil properties and morphological, growth, and physiological parameters of the plant samples were measured. The results indicated a higher yield and content of essential oil in the Tarom samples, whereas higher essential oil quality was observed in the Qaidar samples. The essential oil of the Qaidar and Tarom plants contained 45 and 31 compounds, respectively. Soil analysis showed higher levels of pH, electrical conductivity, calcium, phosphorus, iron, copper, and manganese in the Qaidar region, while higher levels of nitrogen, zinc, and potassium were found in Tarom. Additionally, the highest amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and flavonoids were recorded in the Tarom plants. The analysis of morphological trait revealed that leaf length and width, leaf length-to-width ratio, flower length and width, inflorescence axis length, root length, and plant height were greater in the Tarom population compared to those in Qaidar. These differences may be attributed to more favorable habitat conditions in Tarom, including lower altitude above sea level, lower soil EC, and higher nutrient and organic carbon content in the soil. Overall, the findings of this study highlight the significant influence of ecological factors particularly climatic, edaphic, and habitat conditions—on plant performance and the production
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