تجارب زیسته زنان مبتلابه سرطان از رشد پس از ضربه: یک مطالعه کیفی
محورهای موضوعی : سلامت
مرجان ترک زاده
1
,
مریم صالح زاده
2
,
فهیمه دهقانی
3
1 - گروه روانشناسی و مشاوره، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران
2 - عضو هیات علمی، گروه روانشناسی و مشاوره، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران
3 - عضو هیات علمی، گروه روانشناسی و مشاوره، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران
کلید واژه: زنان مبتلابه سرطان, رشد پس از ضربه, تجارب زیسته, اعتلای روان‌شناختی,
چکیده مقاله :
سرطان به‌عنوان یکی از بیماری‌های شایع در جهان، می‌تواند تأثیرات منفی متعددی بر زندگی مبتلایان داشته باشد لیکن امروزه تغییرات روان‌شناختی مثبت پس از ابتلا به سرطان نیز موردتوجه پژوهشگران قرارگرفته است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تجارب زیسته زنان مبتلابه سرطان از رشد پس از ضربه بود.مطالعه با استفاده از روش کیفی از نوع پدیدارشناسی به بررسی تجارب زیسته زنان مبتلابه سرطان با وضعیت رشد پس از ضربه پرداخت. جامعه آماری پژهش شامل تمامی زنان مبتلا به سرطان شهر اصفهان و یزد بود. مشارکت‌کنندگان این پژوهش 16 فرد مبتلابه سرطان بودند که به روش نمونه‌گیری گلوله برفی در دو شهر اصفهان و یزد انتخاب شدند. برای اطمینان از تجربه رشد پس از ضربه، شرکت‌کنندگان در پژوهش پرسشنامه رشد پس از ضربه (1996 ,Calhoun & Tedeschi) را تکمیل نمودند. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از مصاحبه نیم ساختاریافته استفاده شد که تا مرحله اشباع داده‌ها ادامه یافت. سوالات مصاحبه شامل 1- تجربه شما از رشد پس از ضربه چگونه بودهاست؟ 2- پیامدهای سرطان برای شما چه بوده است؟ 3- شخصیت خود را قبل و بعد از سرطان چگونه توصیف می‌کنید؟ 4- پس از تجربه سرطان چه تغییراتی در خود و جهان احساس می‌کنید؟ بود. و برای تحلیل یافته‌ها از روش ون مانن استفاده شد.یافته‌های پژوهشی در قالب یک تم کلی اعتلای روان‌شناختی و چهار مضمون اصلی شامل تحول معنوی، بهزیستی و تحولات شخصیتی، تحولات بین فردی و تغییر سبک زندگی حاصل شد که هرکدام دارای مضامین فرعی متعددی است.نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش گویای تجربه رشد پس از ضربه و بالندگی قابل‌توجه در زنان مبتلابه سرطان بود. ازآنجاکه یافته‌های پژوهش تحلیلی از تجربه زیسته مبتلایان به سرطان از رشد پس از ضربه است می‌تواند برای متخصصین حوزه سرطان به‌ویژه روانشناسان و مددکاران و البته مبتلایان دارای تلویحات کاربردی قابل‌توجهی باشد.
Cancer, as one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, can have many negative effects on the patients' lives; but nowadays researchers pay attention to the positive psychological changes after getting cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the lived experiences of women with cancer of post-traumatic growth.This study examines the biological experiences of cancer patients with post-traumatic growth situated using the qualitative phionsenomenological method. Statistical population of the study included all women with cancer in Isfahan and Yazd.The participants of this study were 16 Women with cancer who were selected by snowball sampling. Also, the participants of the study completed the post-traumatic growth questionnaire (Tedski & Caldehon, 1996). To collect data, we used semi-structured interviews which continued to saturate. Interview questions include 1- How was your experience of growth after trauma? 2- What have been the consequences of cancer for you? 3- How do you describe your personality before and after cancer? 3- What changes do you feel in yourself and the world after experiencing cancer? It was. and to analyze the findings, we used Van Mann's theory.The research findings were gained in the form of a general theme of psychological upgrade and four main themes including spiritual transformation, well-being, personality changes, inter-personal changes, and lifestyle changes each of which has various sub-themes.The results of the present study indicate the experience of post-traumatic growth and significant growth in women with cancer. Because the current study findings are an analysis of the biological experience of cancer patients from post-traumatic growth, this study can have considerable practical results for cancer specialists, especially psychologists and paramedics, and of course patients.
Ahmadi Z, Mehrabi H, Neshatdoost H. (2020). Predictors of post traumatic growth in damaged women: Spirituality, social support, self-efficacy and resilience. Achievements of Clinical Psychology, 3(3), 305-320. (In Persian)
Calhoun L.G. & Tedeschi R.G. (1999) Facilitating Posttraumatic Growth: A Clinician’s Guide. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ, USA.
Chenari M. (2008). Comparison of Husserl, Heidegger and Gadamer with methodological benchmark. Philosophical-theological researches, 9 (2), 113-138. (In Persian)
Chorzela, M. (2013). Doświadczenie choroby nowotworowej jako źródło pozytywnych zmian osobowości [Malignant disease experience as a source of positive changes in personality]. Psychoonkologia, 1, 23–31.
Connerty, T. J., & Knott, V. (2013). Promoting positive change in the face of adversity: experiences of cancer and post-traumatic growth. European Journal of Cancer Care, 22(3), 334–344.
Cordova M.J. & Andrykowski M.A. (2003) Responses cancer diagnosis and treatment: posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth. Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry 8, 286–296.
Cordova, M., Cunningham, L., Carlson, C., & Andrykowski, M. (2001). Posttraumatic growth following breast cancer: A controlled comparison study. Health Psychology: Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 20(3), 176-185.
Dees, D. M., & Heinfeldt, J. (2007). An aesthetic analysis of an educational, videoconferencing experience. Journal of College Teaching & Learning (TLC), 4(2).
Dursun, P., & Söylemez, İ. (2020). Posttraumatic growth: a comprehensive evaluation of the recently revised model. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 31(1), 57–68.
Edie, J. M. (1987). Edmund Husserl's phenomenology: A critical commentary. Indiana University Press.
Emami Sigaroudi A, Dehghan Nairi N, Rahnavard Z, & Nouri S. (2012). Qualitative research methodology: Phenomenology. Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery, 22 (2), 56-63. (In Persian)
Frankl V (1967) The Doctor and the Soul: From Psychotherapy to Logotherapy. New York, NY: Washington Square Press.
Haberkorn, J., Burbaum, C., Fritzsche, K., Geser, W., Fuchs, D., Ocaña-Peinado, F. M., & Schubert, C. (2013). Day-to-day cause–effect relations between cellular immune activity, fatigue and mood in a patient with prior breast cancer and current cancer-related fatigue and depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38(10), 2366-2372.
Hefferon, K., Grealy, M., & Mutrie, N. (2009). Post-traumatic growth and life threatening physical illness: A systematic review of the qualitative literature. British Journal of Health Psychology, 14(2), 343-378.
Heidarzadeh M, Rasouli M, Mohammadi Shahbolaghi F, Alavi Majd H, Mirzaei H, ... & Mamak. (2015). Evaluation of dimensions of post-traumatic growth caused by cancer in patients rescued from it. Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery, 25 (2), 33-41. (In Persian)
Holloway, I., & Wheeler, S. (2010). Interviewing. Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare. 3rd ed. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, 87-106.
Koopman, C., Butler, L. D., Classen, C., Giese‐Davis, J., Morrow, G. R., Westendorf, J., ... & Spiegel, D. (2002). Traumatic stress symptoms among women with recently diagnosed primary breast cancer. Journal of Traumatic Stress: Official Publication of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, 15(4), 277-287.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
Mostarac, I., & Brajković, L. (2022). Life after Facing Cancer: Posttraumatic Growth, Meaning in Life and Life Satisfaction. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 29(1), 92-102.
Mousavi S & Watankhah M. (2015). Predicting post-traumatic growth based on religiosity, meaning of life and social support in women with breast cancer. Achievements in Clinical Psychology, 1 (3), 33-48. (In Persian)
O’Leary, V. E., & Ickovics, J. R. (1995). Resilience and thriving in response to challenge: An opportunity for a paradigm shift in women’s health. Women’s Health: Research on Gender, Behavior, and Policy, 1, 121-142.
Page, A. E., & Adler, N. E. (Eds.). (2008). Cancer care for the whole patient: Meeting psychosocial health needs. National Academies Press.
Park CL (2010) Making sense of the meaning literature: An integrative review of meaning making and its effects on adjustment to stressful life events. Psychological Bulletin 136(2): 257–301.
Rezaie A, Khaledi F, Kabbazi M, Momeni, Ghaleghasemi T, Keshavarz M, Khodaee M. (2015). Investigation the Dysfunctional attitudes and its relationship with stress, anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients. Journal of Health System Research, 11(1), 68-76. (In Persian)
Sarizadeh M, Heidarzadeh M, Ghahramanzadeh M. (2019). Evaluation of post-traumatic growth based on demoralization and religious coping syndrome in cancer patients referred to Reza (AS) Radiotherapy and Oncology Center in Mashhad in 1397: A descriptive study. Scientific Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 18 (6), 557-572. (In Persian)
Schaefer, J. A., & Moos, R. H. (1992). Life crisis and personal growth. In B. N. Carpenter (Ed.), Personal Coping: Theory, Research, and Application (pp.149-170). New York: Praeger.
Schaefer, J. A., & Moos, R. H. (1992). Life crisis and personal growth. In B. N. Carpenter (Ed.), Personal Coping: Theory, Research, and Application (pp.149-170). New York: Praeger.
Sterba, K. R., Burris, J. L., Heiney, S. P., Ruppel, M. B., Ford, M. E., & Zapka, J. (2014). “We both just trusted and leaned on the Lord”: a qualitative study of religiousness and spirituality among African American breast cancer survivors and their caregivers. Quality of Life Research, 23(7), 1909-1920.
Swartzman, S., Booth, J. N., Munro, A., & Sani, F. (2017). Posttraumatic stress disorder after cancer diagnosis in adults: A meta‐analysis. Depression and anxiety, 34(4), 327-339.
Sweet, L. (2002). Telephone interviewing: is it compatible with interpretive phenomenological research?. Contemporary Nurse, 12(1), 58-63.
Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (1995). Trauma & transformation: Growing in the aftermath of suffering. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (1996). The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma. Journal of Traumatic stress, 9(3), 455-471.
Tedeschi, R. G., Cann, A., Taku, K., Senol‐Durak, E., & Calhoun, L. G. (2017). The posttraumatic growth inventory: A revision integrating existential and spiritual.
Wang, A. W., Bouchard, L. C., Gudenkauf, L. M., Jutagir, D. R., Fisher, H. M., Jacobs, J. M., ... & Antoni, M. H. (2018). Differential psychological effects of cognitive-behavioral stress management among breast cancer patients with high and low initial cancer-specific distress. Journal of psychosomatic research, 113, 52-57.
Xia, C., Dong, X., Li, H., Cao, M., Sun, D., He, S., ... & Chen, W. (2022). Cancer statistics in China and United States, 2022: profiles, trends, and determinants. Chinese medical journal, 135(05), 584-590.
Yi, J., Zebrack, B., Kim, M. A., & Cousino, M. (2015). Posttraumatic growth outcomes and their correlates among young adult survivors of childhood cancer. Journal of pediatric psychology, 40(9), 981-991.
Zamora, E. R., Yi, J., Akter, J., Kim, J., Warner, E. L., & Kirchhoff, A. C. (2017). ‘Having cancer was awful but also something good came out’: Post-traumatic growth among adult survivors of pediatric and adolescent cancer. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 28, 21-27.