فهرست مقالات Grazing management

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  1 - فنولوژی گونه‌های ‌Ferula ovinia و Poa bulbosa و بهترین زمان ورود و خروج دام در مرتع گوراب اصفهان
  مریم غلامی مصطفی سعیدفر
  10.22034/jest.2021.34338.4165
  زمینه و هدف: مطالعه فنولوژی یکی از عوامل مهم و اساسی در اعمال مدیریت جهت بهره برداری بهینه از پوشش گیاهی است. گونه های مرتعی Ferulaovinia وPoabulbosaاز نظر علوفه ای و مرتعی و همچنین جلوگیری از فرسایش خاک از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار هستند. این تحقیق به منظور تعیین زمان مناسب چکیده کامل

  زمینه و هدف: مطالعه فنولوژی یکی از عوامل مهم و اساسی در اعمال مدیریت جهت بهره برداری بهینه از پوشش گیاهی است. گونه های مرتعی Ferulaovinia وPoabulbosaاز نظر علوفه ای و مرتعی و همچنین جلوگیری از فرسایش خاک از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار هستند. این تحقیق به منظور تعیین زمان مناسب ورود و خروج دام از مرتع، درسایت گوراب اصفهان در 35 کیلومتری غرب شهرستان فریدونشهر به مدت 4 سال (1395-1392) شده است. روش بررسی: در این تحقیق ده پایه انتخاب و اطلاعات مربوط به مراحل فنولوژی برای هر پایه در مقاطع زمانی 7 روزه در مرحله رویشی و 15 روزه در مرحله زایشی اندازه گیری و در فرم ویژه ای ثبت گردید. هم زمان آمار هواشناسی روزانه از ایستگاه هواشناسی مستقر در محل اجرای طرح برداشت شد. یافته ها: رشد رویشی گونه ovinia Ferulaاز اواخر اسفند آغاز و تا اواسط خرداد ادامه یافت. دوره گلدهی اوایل خرداد آغاز و تا اواخر خرداد به طول انجامید. مرحله رسیدن بذر از اواسط خرداد آغاز و تا اواخر تیر کامل شد. در گونه Poabulbosaرشد رویشی از اواخر اسفند شروع و تا اواسط خرداد ادامه داشت. دوره گل دهی از اوایل خرداد شروع و تا اواسط خرداد ادامه یافت. مرحله رسیدن بذر از اواسط خرداد شروع و تا اوایل تیر به پایان رسید. بحث و نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان داد که با توجه به رفتار گونه های مورد مطالعه در بروز پدیده های زیستی در سال های مختلف مطالعه این امکان فراهم شده است که رفتار گیاهان را با تغییرات رطوبتی و دما در شرایط مختلف بررسی کنیم. بهترین زمان و ورود و خروج باید براساس نحوه بروز پدیده های زیستی در گونه ی Poa bulbosa تنظیم شود که در این صورت براساس مطالعات انجام یافته بهترین زمان می تواند در آخر اردیبهشت و اوایل خرداد باشد و زمان خروج دام به علت وجود پایه های خشک شده به ویژه در گونه ی Ferula ovina که در زمان خشک شدن (شروع تابستان) مورد استفاده دام قرار می گیرد، می تواند تا اواسط شهریور (مشروط بر رعایت تعداد دام مبتنی بر ظرفیت مرتع)، ادامه یابد. پرونده مقاله
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  2 - بررسی تاثیر قرق بر میزان ترسیب کربن و صفات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک در مراتع نیمه‌استپ استان چهارمحال و بختیاری
  مهدی مرادی شاهقریه پژمان طهماسبی
  چکیده: اکوسیستم های گیاهی کره خاکی سرویس ها و خدمات متفاوتی را ارائه می دهند، با توجه به شرایط حال حاضر کره زمین و آلودگی بیش از حد اتمسفر یکی از مهم ترین خدمات جوامع گیاهی ترسیب کربن در طولانی مدت در درون خاک می باشد. در مطالعه حاضر هدف بررسی تاثیر قرق بر میزان ترسیب چکیده کامل

  چکیده: اکوسیستم های گیاهی کره خاکی سرویس ها و خدمات متفاوتی را ارائه می دهند، با توجه به شرایط حال حاضر کره زمین و آلودگی بیش از حد اتمسفر یکی از مهم ترین خدمات جوامع گیاهی ترسیب کربن در طولانی مدت در درون خاک می باشد. در مطالعه حاضر هدف بررسی تاثیر قرق بر میزان ترسیب کربن و خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک در مراتع نیمه استپی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری می باشد. در هر منطقه(قرق و غیر قرق) هفت سایت همگن از لحاظ شرایط محیطی انتخاب و نمونه برداری از پوشش گیاهی و خاک درون آن انجام گردید. نمونه بردای پوشش گیاهی با استقرار ترانسکت و نصب پلاتهای چهار مترمربعی صورت گرفت و برداشت نمونه خاک تا عمق 30 سانتی متری در هر پلات در هر سایت نمونه برداری انجام شد. زیتوده هوایی و لاشبرگ در هر پلات جمع آوری و توزین گردید. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها نشان داد که میزان زیتوده هوایی، کربن خاک و کل کربن ترسیب شده در اکوسیستم در مراتع نیمه استپ گندمی به ترتیب با 99/1 t/ha، 75/51 t/ha و02/53 t/ha بصورت معنی داری بیشتر از مراتع نیمه استپ بوته زار برآورد گردید. میزان زیتوده هوایی، کربن زیتوده هوایی، درصد پوشش و کربن خاک منطقه نیمه استپ گندمی به ترتیب با 99/1 t/ha، 95/0 t/ha، 91/67% و 8/540 t/ha بیشتر از منطقه نیمه استپ بوته زار می باشد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد میانگین ترسیب کربن کل و خاک در هر دو منطقه مورد مطالعه در تیمار قرق تفاوت آماری معنی داری با تیمار غیرقرق دارد. پرونده مقاله
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  3 - Using SWAT Model to Investigate the Impact of Rangeland Management Practices on Water Conservation (Case Study: Gorganroud Watershed, Golestan, Iran)
  Mohadeseh Zadsar Mojgansadat Azimi
  Hydrological response of a watershed is a comprehensive symbol of environmental conditions and characteristics of the basin. Vegetation is one of the main factors in water resources status, erosion, and sediment of a watershed. Rangelands of Golestan province, Iran due چکیده کامل

  Hydrological response of a watershed is a comprehensive symbol of environmental conditions and characteristics of the basin. Vegetation is one of the main factors in water resources status, erosion, and sediment of a watershed. Rangelands of Golestan province, Iran due to the geographical location, climate, and destruction of these resources as well as drastic land use changes from forests, and rangelands to agricultural lands have a high potential of run-off. Therefore, in the present study in order to determine the best management of the rangelands, we developed a rangeland improvement model using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in the Gorganroud Watershed, Golestan, Iran. Calibration and validation of model were performed using Sequential Uncertainty Fitting Program (SUFI-2) in the eco-hydrological model of SWAT. Simulating the run-off in the studied hydrometric stations, the results showed that this model performed well for the study area (P-factor 0.6-0.9; R-factor 0.85-1.5). As well, four range improvement scenarios (mechanical, biological, biomechanical and livestock grazing management) were defined in this study. On average, by applying mechanical, biological, biomechanical, and grazing management scenarios, runoff was reduced to 13.5%, 11%, 20.7% and 12.5%, respectivelyin comparison with the actual runoff. According to the obtained results, the biomechanical scenario was identified as the best one in reducing the runoff and water conserve in poor and moderate rangelands. پرونده مقاله
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  4 - Determining Timely Entry and Exit of Livestock in Rangelands Using Bromus tomentellus Phenological Stages (Case Study: Goorab Rangeland of Isfahan)
  Maryam Gholami Mostafa Saeedfar
  In the rangelands of Iran, the lack of appropriate grazing management is one of the major problems ultimately leading to untimely and excessive grazing intensity of forage. Accordingly, most of the rangelands show a retrogression trend and poor conditions. In forage spe چکیده کامل

  In the rangelands of Iran, the lack of appropriate grazing management is one of the major problems ultimately leading to untimely and excessive grazing intensity of forage. Accordingly, most of the rangelands show a retrogression trend and poor conditions. In forage species, phenological stage is one of the most important criteria for range management. Bromus tomentellus species is an important range species for forage production controlling soil erosion. In order todeterminethetimely entry and exit of livestock in rangelands based on phenological stages of B. tomentellus, this study was conducted in Goorab rangeland, Fereydoun Shahr, Iran during four years (2007-2010). In this research, ten plant bases of B. tomentellus were selected and their phonological stages were recorded in a 7-day interval period. At the same time, meteorological data were collected from meteorological station adjacent to the study site. According to the occurrence of biological phenomena in the different years of study (wet conditions in 2007, severe droughts in 2008 and normal years in 2009 and 2010) and also based on plant growth stage in the 4 year study, it was concluded that 30th April and 31th May were suggested as the best time for livestock to enter and exit from the rangeland, respectively. پرونده مقاله
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  5 - Variation of Plant Functional Groups along Livestock Grazing Gradient in Semi-steppe Rangelands (Case Study: Tangsayad Rangelands of Chaharmahal Bakhtiari Province, Iran)
  Elham Bani Hashemi Pejman Tahmasebi Kohyani Esmaeel Asadi
  Assessment and monitoring of rangeland in different grazing managements seems necessary to manage rangelands. The plant functional groups can be used as appropriate responders for rangelands condition and management. Therefore, this study was performedand aimed to deter چکیده کامل

  Assessment and monitoring of rangeland in different grazing managements seems necessary to manage rangelands. The plant functional groups can be used as appropriate responders for rangelands condition and management. Therefore, this study was performedand aimed to determine the most important traits that are influenced by rangeland variation and management. In order to this, three areas along a grazing gradient including national parks, protected area and free grazing were selected inTangsayad rangelands of Chaharmahal Bakhtiari Province, Iran in 2015. A 100 m transect was established randomly in each site and within it five plots of 4 m2 area at 20 m intervals along transects were determined systematically. Plant species were identified and vegetation cover was recorded in each plot. The number and size of plots and transects were determined regarding to semi-arid rangeland sampling guidelines as well as the dimension of dominant plant species in plant community. Finally, some traits as leaf dimension, plant biomass and cover of species were measured. The results showed that the traits such as leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and leaf weight, grass growth forms and life forms of Hemicryptophyes and Geophytes had significant differences at least in one of three grazing managements sites (P<0/05). Also Principal Component Analyses (PCA) showed that traits as yield, overall weight of plants and perennial plants had high correlation with the first component and the traits such as leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, Hemicryptophyes had also high correlation with the second component. In general conclusion; leaf traits as leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and leaf weight, grass growth form, Hemicryptophytes and Geophytes life forms were introduced as good indicators for assessing and monitoring of grazing management. پرونده مقاله
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  6 - Vegetation Dynamics in Relation to Grazing Management Practices in Semi-arid Grazing Lands of Makueni County, Kenya
  Hillary Kipngetich Rotich Judith Symbua Mbau Richard Onwonga Oscar Kipchirchir Koech
  Livestock grazing practices in rangelands are being recognized as management tool for environmental protection and increased livestock productivity. Continuous grazing has been largely reported to reduce pasture productivity and increase environmental degradation. Rotat چکیده کامل

  Livestock grazing practices in rangelands are being recognized as management tool for environmental protection and increased livestock productivity. Continuous grazing has been largely reported to reduce pasture productivity and increase environmental degradation. Rotational grazing is an alternative to continuous grazing and is considered to reduce negative environmental effects and provide quality pastures and browse ensuring availability of quality feed for animals while conserving the environment. This study was conducted in a semi-arid grassland in the south eastern rangelands of Kenya which is primarily used for cattle production to establish how grazing management system affects herbaceous biomass yield, cover, plant species richness and diversity (in 2016). Quadrat method was used to collect vegetation samples. In each plot, a 100 m2 sub- plot was demarcated and five 1×1m quadrats laid out. A quadrat was placed at each of the four corners of the 100m2 plot and the 5th quadrant placed at the center of the plot. Herbaceous biomass production was significantly higher (p≤0.05) in rotationally grazed areas compared to both continually grazed and ungrazed areas with average values of 7037, 2478 and 2390 Kgha-1 respectively. Similar trend was obtained for vegetation cover. Vegetation cover of herbaceous plants was significantly higher under rotationally grazed areas compared to both continually grazed and ungrazed areas with average values of 55, 37 and 27%, respectively. There was no significant difference for plant species richness and diversities and between the three sampling blocks. However, the highest values of both latter traits were obtained in rotationally grazed areas, followed by continually and ungrazed areas. Improved biomass yields and high species diversity in rotation grazed areas was largely attributed to the flexibility in the management in which grazing frequency, durations and the rest periods are efficiently controlled compared to continuous grazing areas. This study concludes that rotation grazing allows flexibility of animal utilization of pastures resulting to enhanced soil water retention, increased species diversity; richness and vegetation cover which increase biomass yields. پرونده مقاله
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  7 - Effects of Grazing Management on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Southern Rangelands of Kenya
  Hillary Rotich Oscar Koech Richard Onwonga Judith Mbau
  10.30495/rs.2023.686972
  Rangelands ecosystems play a critical role in regulating the emission and uptake of the most important Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) such as CO2, CH4, and N2O. However, the effects of grazing management on GHG fluxes in the semi-arid lands of East Africa remain unclear. The p چکیده کامل

  Rangelands ecosystems play a critical role in regulating the emission and uptake of the most important Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) such as CO2, CH4, and N2O. However, the effects of grazing management on GHG fluxes in the semi-arid lands of East Africa remain unclear. The present study compared the effects of three grazing systems on cumulative CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes in the semi-arid grazing land ecosystem in Yohani ranch Makueni County, Kenya. The study followed a pseudo-replication design in which there were three treatments: 1) Continual grazed, 2) rotational grazed and 3) and ungrazed. Greenhouse gas samples were collected using the static chamber method for a period of three months covering the dry and wet season as well as a transition period. Cumulative soil CO2 fluxes were highest in continual grazing system (2357±123.9 kg ha-1 3 months), followed by rotational grazing (1285±123.9 kg ha-1 3 months) and lowest in the ungrazed (1241±143 CO2 kg ha-1 3 months), respectively. The three month cumulative N2O and CH4 fluxes were also highest in continual grazing and lowest in ungrazed site 677.9±130.1, 208.6±127.3 and 162.2±150.3 (g ha-1 3 months) and CH4, 232.7±126.6, 173.1±126.6 and 80±46.2 (g ha-1 3 months) respectively. The results suggest that the continual livestock grazing system increases emissions of GHGs compared to rotational grazing. پرونده مقاله
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  8 - Changes in Species Diversity and Functional Diversity of Vegetation under Different Grazing Intensities in Changizchal Rangelands, Mazandaran Province, Iran
  Mansoureh Kargar Majid Sadeghinia Sara Farazmand
  Different indices of functional diversity as: functional richness (FRic), functional evenness (FEve) and functional divergence (FDiv), could help to understanding of the relationship between plant diversity and ecosystem function. Therefore, this study was aimed to eval چکیده کامل

  Different indices of functional diversity as: functional richness (FRic), functional evenness (FEve) and functional divergence (FDiv), could help to understanding of the relationship between plant diversity and ecosystem function. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate changes in species diversity and functional diversity of vegetation under different grazing intensities in relation to soil physic-chemical properties in Changizchal rangelands, Mazandaran province, Iran. During the spring and summer of 2014. Three functional traits including Specific Leaf Area (SLA), Vegetation Height (VH), and Leaf Dry Matter Content (LDMC) were measured in three grazing intensities (low, moderate and high). Taxonomic diversity was quantified using several indices including Species richness (S), Shannon (H), Evenness (E) and Simpson (D). In addition, functional diversity was quantified using single trait-based (FDvar) and multi trait-based indices (functional richness (FRic), functional divergence (FDiv), and functional evenness (FEve). The result showed that functional richness and species richness increased at moderate grazing. Similarly, the higher values of FDvar of the SLA were observed in a moderate grazing. Whereas, the FDvar of VH values significantly increased in light grazing. The low grazing induced increase in the FDive and FEve coupled with decreasing soil organic carbon (P<0.05). The FDvar for SLA had a positive relationship with soil N and P in low grazing. Stable grazing on Changizchal rangelands tends to increase competition for soil N and P, resulting in an increase in the functional richness in grazed plant communities. The present study highlights the potential importance of low to moderate grazing intensities in mediating and reducing competition between plants for nutrient resources. پرونده مقاله