تاثیر مدیریت بهره برداری بر شاخص¬های کمی و کیفی خاک و پوشش گیاهی در ذخیره¬گاه بیوسفری میانکاله مازندران
محورهای موضوعی : منابع طبیعی و جنگلداری و مراتع
1 - دانش آموخته دکتری علوم مرتع، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
کلید واژه: تنوع و غنا, مازندران, مدیریت چرا, میانکاله.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: حذف چرای دام از مراتع و به عبارتی قرق مراتع؛ بهعنوان روشی برای احیای اکوسیستم های مرتع تخریب شده و نیز یک اقدام حیاتی برای بهبود ساختار و عملکرد اکوسیستم، از جمله عناصری مانند کربن خاک و مواد مغذی در نظر گرفته می‌شود. با این حال، اثربخشی آن در مراتع ییلاقی به خوبی شناخته نشده است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثرات قرق بر خصوصیات پوشش گیاهی و خاک در ذخیرهگاه بیوسفری میانکاله مازندران انجام شده است.
روش بررسی: به این منظور دو منطقه قرق و چرا شده انتخاب شد. نمونهبرداری پوشش گیاهی در پلاتهای یک متر مربعی با توجه به پوشش منطقه و خاک از عمق 30-0 سانتیمتر به روش سیستماتیک- تصادفی انجام گردید. سپس ویژگیهای پوشش گیاهی و خاک شامل کلاس خوشخوراکی، فرم زیستی، طول عمر، فرم رویشی، شاخصهای تنوع شانون واینر و سیمپسون، غنای گونه منهینیک و مارگالف، تعداد گونه و یکنواختی، همچنین درصد رس، سیلت، شن، ماده آلی، رطوبت، هدایت الکتریکی، وزن مخصوص ظاهری و اسیدیته خاک تعیین شد. بهمنظور مقایسه ویژگیهای مورد نظر از آزمونt مستقل استفاده گردید.
یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که اجرای عملیات قرق سبب تغییر در برخی ویژگیهای پوشش گیاهی و خاک در این مراتع شدهاست. بهطوری که درصد رس، رطوبت، ماده آلی خاک و شاخصهای تنوع شانون واینر و سیمپسون، غنای گونه منهینیک و مارگالف، بهطور معنیداری (p≤0.05) افزایش یافته است اما میانگین درصد سیلت، شن، وزن مخصوص ظاهری، اسیدیته و شاخص یکتواخی در منطقه چرا شده با منطقه قرق تفاوت معنیداری نشان نداده است.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: بهطور کلی نتایج نشان داد، قرق موجب بهبود شاخصهای کمی و کیفی گیاهی و خاک در منطقه مورد مطالعه شدهاست و بهدلیل اثرات مثبت بر پایداری اکوسیستم مرتعی، توجه مدیران مرتع و اقدامات عملی در جهت کنترل شدت چرا را میطلبد.
Background and Objective: The removal of livestock grazing from rangelands, or in other words, enclosure of rangelands, is considered a method for restoring degraded rangeland ecosystems and is also a vital measure for improving ecosystem structure and function, including elements such as soil carbon and nutrients. However, its effectiveness in summer rangelands is not well known. This study aimed to investigate the effects of enclosure on vegetation and soil characteristics in the Miankaleh Biosphere Reserve of Mazandaran.
Material and Methodology: For this purpose, two fenced and grazed areas were selected. Vegetation sampling was carried out in one-square-meter plots from a depth of 0-30 cm using a systematic- random method, considering the area and soil cover. Then, vegetation and soil characteristics including palatability class, life form, lifespan, vegetative form, Shannon-Weiner and Simpson diversity indices, Manhinic and Margalef species richness, species number and uniformity, as well as the percentage of clay, silt, sand, organic matter, moisture, electrical conductivity, apparent specific gravity, and soil acidity were determined. Independent t-test was used to compare the desired characteristics.
Findings: The results showed that enclosure caused changes in some characteristics of vegetation and soil in these rangelands. So that the percentage of clay, moisture, soil organic matter, Shannon-Weiner and Simpson diversity indices, Manhinic and Margalef species richness increased significantly (p≤0.05), but the average percentage of silt, sand, apparent specific gravity, acidity and uniformity index in the grazed area did not differ significantly from the enclosure area.
Discussion and Conclusion: In general, the results showed that enclosure has improved the quantitative and qualitative indicators of plants and soil in the studied area and, due to its positive effects on the sustainability of the rangeland ecosystem, requires the attention of rangeland managers and practical measures to control grazing intensity.
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