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  • فنولوژی گونه‌های ‌Ferula ovinia و Poa bulbosa و بهترین زمان ورود و خروج دام در مرتع گوراب اصفهان

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کد مقاله : JEST-1802-4165 (R4) بازدید : 156 صفحه: 211 - 222

10.22034/jest.2021.34338.4165

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

فنولوژی گونه‌های ‌Ferula ovinia و Poa bulbosa و بهترین زمان ورود و خروج دام در مرتع گوراب اصفهان

محورهای موضوعی : منابع طبیعی

مریم غلامی 1 , مصطفی سعیدفر 2

1 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مرتعداری دانشگاه منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین دانشگاه شهرکرد، ایران* (مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - استادیار مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/11/26 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/03/02 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/08/01

کلید واژه: Poa bulbosa, فنولوژی, مدیریت چرا, Ferula ovinia, مراتع نیمه‌استپی,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: مطالعه فنولوژی یکی از عوامل مهم و اساسی در اعمال مدیریت جهت بهره برداری بهینه از پوشش گیاهی است. گونه های مرتعی Ferulaovinia وPoabulbosaاز نظر علوفه ای و مرتعی و همچنین جلوگیری از فرسایش خاک از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار هستند. این تحقیق به منظور تعیین زمان مناسب ورود و خروج دام از مرتع، درسایت گوراب اصفهان در 35 کیلومتری غرب شهرستان فریدونشهر به مدت 4 سال (1395-1392) شده است. روش بررسی: در این تحقیق ده پایه انتخاب و اطلاعات مربوط به مراحل فنولوژی برای هر پایه در مقاطع زمانی 7 روزه در مرحله رویشی و 15 روزه در مرحله زایشی اندازه گیری و در فرم ویژه ای ثبت گردید. هم زمان آمار هواشناسی روزانه از ایستگاه هواشناسی مستقر در محل اجرای طرح برداشت شد. یافته ها: رشد رویشی گونه ovinia Ferulaاز اواخر اسفند آغاز و تا اواسط خرداد ادامه یافت. دوره گلدهی اوایل خرداد آغاز و تا اواخر خرداد به طول انجامید. مرحله رسیدن بذر از اواسط خرداد آغاز و تا اواخر تیر کامل شد. در گونه Poabulbosaرشد رویشی از اواخر اسفند شروع و تا اواسط خرداد ادامه داشت. دوره گل دهی از اوایل خرداد شروع و تا اواسط خرداد ادامه یافت. مرحله رسیدن بذر از اواسط خرداد شروع و تا اوایل تیر به پایان رسید. بحث و نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان داد که با توجه به رفتار گونه های مورد مطالعه در بروز پدیده های زیستی در سال های مختلف مطالعه این امکان فراهم شده است که رفتار گیاهان را با تغییرات رطوبتی و دما در شرایط مختلف بررسی کنیم. بهترین زمان و ورود و خروج باید براساس نحوه بروز پدیده های زیستی در گونه ی Poa bulbosa تنظیم شود که در این صورت براساس مطالعات انجام یافته بهترین زمان می تواند در آخر اردیبهشت و اوایل خرداد باشد و زمان خروج دام به علت وجود پایه های خشک شده به ویژه در گونه ی Ferula ovina که در زمان خشک شدن (شروع تابستان) مورد استفاده دام قرار می گیرد، می تواند تا اواسط شهریور (مشروط بر رعایت تعداد دام مبتنی بر ظرفیت مرتع)، ادامه یابد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: Phenological study is one of the important factors in optimal management of vegetation utilization. Ferula ovinia and Poa bulbosa are valuable rangeland species regarding to forage production and controlling soil erosion.In this research, an appropriate time for livestock entering to and exiting from the Goorab rangeland in 35th kilometers west of Fereydoun Shahr city, was carried out during four years (2014-2017). Method: In this research, ten plant bases were selected and information about the phonological stages for each base in the 7-day period during the growth phase and 15 days in the reproductive phase were measured and recorded at the special form. At the same time, meteorological statistics were collected from meteorological station adjacent the project site. Findings: Growing of the Ferula ovinia was started in mid-March, and continued until early-June. Flowering stems was started in late May and continued until mid-June. Seeds formations were begun in early-June and completed in late July. Growing of the Poa bulbosa was started in mid-March, and continued until early-June. Flowering stems was started in late May and continued until early-June. Seeds formations were begun in early-June and until the end of in late June. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that according to the species behavior in the occurrence of biological phenomena in the different years of study, the best entrance and departure time should be specified based on physiologic phenomena in the specie of Poa bulbosa which the best time can be late May and mid-May. The time of departure of the livestock could also be continued till ‏mid-September due to the existence of dried Ferula ovina which is used by livestock in the summer if the number of livestock has been observed based on livestock capacity.  

منابع و مأخذ:


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    2.
  2. Asghar Nezhad, L., Akbarlo, M., 2012. Investigation of the effect of exclusion on sexual reproduction and species biomass of Puccinella distans in the gamishan wetland. Journal of Rangeland, 7(1), 1-9. (In Persian)
    3.
  3. Ehsani, A., 2013. Application of phenology knowledge of Bromus tomentellus for cattle grazing management. Journal of Rangeland, 7(2), 100-109. (In Persian)
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  4. Saeedfar, M., Rasti, M., 2000. Phenological study of rangeland plants in the area of Henna Semirom. Journal of Rangeland and Desert Researches of Iran. Number 231,pp.12. (In Persian)
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  5. Schuster, J.L., Garcia, R.C.D., 1973. Phenology and Forage Production of Cool-season Grasses in the Southern Plains (Texas). Jornal of Range Management, 26(5): 336-340.
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  9. Jafari, A., Anvari, A.,  Nakhjavan, H.,  Rahmani, E., 2010.  Effects of Phenological Stages on Yield and Quality Traits in 22 Populations of Tall Wheatgrass Agropyron elongatum Grown in Lorestan, Iran. Journal of Rangeland Science, Vol. 1, No. 1: 9-15. 
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  13. Baghestani Meybodi, N., Zare, M.T., Farahpour, M., 2009. Investigation on middle term effects of different goats grazing intensite on sane aspects of vegetation and animal performance in yazd steppic range. Final Report of Project/Research, Agriculture natraul resources research center of province, yazd, 67pp.
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_||_

  1. Asaadi, A.M., Khoshnod Yazdi, A.,  2011. Changes in forage quality of seven species of herbaceous and grasses at the phenological stage (Case Study: Asdeli and Sysab Rangelands in Bojnourd County). Journal of Rangeland, 5(3), 250-257. (In Persian)
    2.
  2. Asghar Nezhad, L., Akbarlo, M., 2012. Investigation of the effect of exclusion on sexual reproduction and species biomass of Puccinella distans in the gamishan wetland. Journal of Rangeland, 7(1), 1-9. (In Persian)
    3.
  3. Ehsani, A., 2013. Application of phenology knowledge of Bromus tomentellus for cattle grazing management. Journal of Rangeland, 7(2), 100-109. (In Persian)
    4.
  4. Saeedfar, M., Rasti, M., 2000. Phenological study of rangeland plants in the area of Henna Semirom. Journal of Rangeland and Desert Researches of Iran. Number 231,pp.12. (In Persian)
    5.
  5. Schuster, J.L., Garcia, R.C.D., 1973. Phenology and Forage Production of Cool-season Grasses in the Southern Plains (Texas). Jornal of Range Management, 26(5): 336-340.
    6.
  6. White Larry, M., 1973, Carbohydrates reserves of grasses: A review, Jornal of Rangland Management 26(1) 13.
    7.
  7. Patrick, I., Wayne Cook, G., 1970. Seasonal carbohydrate reserve cycles in eight desert range spesies. Journal paper No. 992, Utah agricultural experiment station, Logan.
    8.
  8. Khademi, K., Sepahvand Siyah Mansoor, A.R., Ansari, V., 2002. Phenological assessment of some important grassland species at zaghe station of Lorestan. Grassland and desert researches. Jornal of Rangland and Desert Researches of Iran Vol 7, . Number 1,pp.26. (In Persian)
    9.
  9. Jafari, A., Anvari, A.,  Nakhjavan, H.,  Rahmani, E., 2010.  Effects of Phenological Stages on Yield and Quality Traits in 22 Populations of Tall Wheatgrass Agropyron elongatum Grown in Lorestan, Iran. Journal of Rangeland Science, Vol. 1, No. 1: 9-15. 
    10.
  10. Mozafariyan. V., 2007. Iranika flore. Forest and Rangeland Research Publishers, 439 p.
    11.
  11. Moghimi, J., 2005. Introduction of some important rangeland species for the development and improvement of Iranian rangelands, Aroon Publication, 670 pages. (In Persian)
    12.
  12. Baghestani Meybodi, N., Zare, M.T., Ehsani, A., 2015. Determine the Suitable Time of Livestock Entry to and Exit From steppic Rangelands in Iran. Jornal of desert ecosystem engineer. 4(7) 53-64.
    13.
  13. Baghestani Meybodi, N., Zare, M.T., Farahpour, M., 2009. Investigation on middle term effects of different goats grazing intensite on sane aspects of vegetation and animal performance in yazd steppic range. Final Report of Project/Research, Agriculture natraul resources research center of province, yazd, 67pp.
    14.
  14. Pennington, D., Collins, S.L., (2007). Response of an aridland ecosystem to climatic drivers and pervasive drought. Journal of Landscape Ecology, 22:897-910.
    15.
  15. Liyuna, Z., Royb, T., Ya, T., 2010. Flowering and fruiting phenology of 24 plant species on the north slope of mountain. Qomolangma (Mountain Everest). Journal of Mountain Science, 7: 45–54.
    16.
  16. Jackson, M. T., 1966. Effects of microclimate on spring flowering phenology. Ecology ,47(l): 407 -415.
    17.
  17. Mirhaji, T., 1999. Ecological comparison of five species of Artemisia province Semnan. Master thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources, University Tarbiat Modares, Noor. 125-129. (In Persian)
    18.
  18. Ehsani, A.,Yegane, H., Soor.A., Saghsfi Khadem, S., Abar Saji, Gh., Akbarpoor, H., 2013. Changes in phonological stages of Poa bulbosa species in semi-steppe regions of Golestan and Khorasan Razavi provinces. Journal of Plant Sciences Research. 29 (1): 17-27.
    19.
  19. Ghaemi, M., 2001. Investigating the effects of drought on the situation, Tendency and variation of vegetation cover in Ghouchi azarbaijan rangelands. Proceedings of the Second National Congress of Pasture and Mortality in Iran. Bahman 2001. (In Persian)
    20.
  20. Beck, R. F., Nsinamwa, M., Santos, R., Pieper, R. D., 1999. Dynamics of Gutierrezia sarothrae with drought and grazing. People and rangelands: building the future. Proceedings of the VI International rangelands congress, Townsville, Queensland, Australia, 19-23 July, 1999. Volume 1.
    21.
  21. Yu, F.F., Price, K.P., Ellis, J. Shi, P.J., (2003). Response of seasonal vegetation development to climatic variations in eastern central Asian Journal of Remote Sensing of Environment, 87 (1): 42–54.
    22.

 

 

 

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