جایابی بهینه ایستگاه‌های شارژ و دشارژ خودروهای‌الکتریکی متصل به شبکه توزیع انرژی الکتریکی در حضور منابع انرژی تجدیدپذیر با درنظرگفتن برنامه‌های پاسخگویی تقاضا مبتنی بر قیمت
محورهای موضوعی : مهندسی برق قدرت
مجید فرجامی پور
1
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مجتبی شیوایی
2
1 - دانشکده مهندسي برق، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ايران
2 - دانشکده مهندسي برق، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ايران
کلید واژه: ایستگاه های شارژ و دشارژ, خودروی الکتریکی, الگوریتم ژنتیک بهبود یافته, برنامه‌های پاسخگویی تقاضا مبتنی بر قیمت, منابع تجدیدپذیر انرژی,
چکیده مقاله :
در دنیای صنعتی امروز، توسعه صنعت خودروهای الکتریکی، سبب شده است تا منابع ذخیره‌ساز انرژی نقش بسزایی در بهره‌برداری کارآمد از شبکه‌های توزیع انرژی الکتریکی داشته باشد. بر این اساس، جایابی بهینه ایستگاه‌های شارژ و دشارژ مرتبط با خودروهای الکتریکی به عنوان یک چالش فنی پیش‌روی بهره‌برداران شبکه قرار گرفته است. لذا، در این مقاله، با رویکردی جدید، مسئله جایابی ایستگاه‌های شارژ و دشارژ مرتبط با خودروهای الکتریکی در حضور منابع انرژی تجدیدپذیر مدل‌سازی می‌گردد. در مدل پیشنهادی، اهداف فنی شامل کمینه‌سازی تلفات و افت ولتاژ و همچنین، اهداف اقتصادی شامل کمینه‌سازی هزینه توان خریداری شده از شبکه و بیشینه‌سازی سود حاصل از فروش توان به شبکه توسط خودروهای الکتریکی در نظرگرفته می‌شوند. علاوه بر این، محدودیت‌های موجود در ظرفیت ایستگاه‌های شارژ، مجموع توان قابل شارژ و دشارژ در هر لحظه نیز به عنوان قیود مدل پیشنهادی لحاظ می‌گردد. از طرفی، در این مقاله، برای مدیریت بار در سمت مصرف‌کنندگان، راهبرد پیک‌سایی منحنی بار براساس برنامه‌های پاسخگویی تقاضا مبتنی بر قیمت اعمال می‌شود. مسئله غیرخطی مصرف توان و مشارکت خودروهای الکتریکی در تأمین توان شبکه، مختلط با اعداد صحیح که با استفاده از الگوریتم ژنتیک بهبودیافته حل شده و نتایج بدست آمده با الگوریتم اجتماع ذرات مقایسه می‌گردند. شبیه‌سازی مدل پیشنهادی توسط نرم‌افزار MATLAB و بر روی شبکه 69 گره استاندارد انجام شد و نتایج نشان‌دهنده اثربخشی و سودمندی آن است.
In today’s industrial world, the development of electric vehicles has made energy storage resources play a significant role in the efficient operation of electrical distribution networks. On this basis, the optimal placement of charging and discharging stations associated with electric vehicles has emerged as a technical challenge for network operators. In this paper, therefore, with a new perspective, the placement problem of charging and discharging stations pertaining to electric vehicles in the presence of renewable energy sources is modeled. In the proposed model, technical objectives including minimization of losses and voltage drop, as well as economic objectives comprising minimization of the cost of power purchased from the network and maximization of the profit derived from selling power to the network by electric vehicles are tajen into account. In addition to this, existing limitations at the capacity of charging stations and the total power that can be charged and discharged at any moment are applied as constraints of the proposed model. The model also considers a peak-shaving strategy for load management on the consumer-side according to price-based demand response programs. The nonlinear power consumption problem and the participation of electric vehicles in providing network power are formulated as a mixed-integer problem and are solved using an improved genetic algorithm, as well as the results obtained are compared with those determined by a particle swarm optimization algorithm. The simulation of the proposed model is conducted using MATLAB software on a standard 69-node network, and the calculated results demonstrate its effectiveness and profitableness.
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