مدلسازی و شبیه سازی دینامیکی ژنراتورآهنربای دائم شار متقاطع و کاربرد آن در توربین های بادی
محورهای موضوعی :
مهندسی برق قدرت
محمود زاده باقری
1
,
وحدت ناظریان
2
1 - دانشکده مهندسی برق، واحد یاسوج ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، یاسوج،کهگیلویه و بویراحمد، ایران
2 - دانشکده مهندسی برق ، دانشگاه مازندران ، بابلسر،مازندران، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1401/05/24
تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/08/02
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/12/01
کلید واژه:
شار متقاطع,
توربین های بادی,
مدلسازی دینامیکی,
ماشین های سنکرون آهنربای دائمی,
چکیده مقاله :
ماشینهای با تحریک آهنربای دائم دارای بازده بالاتر و قابلیت اطمینان بیشتری نسبت به ماشینهای با تحریک الکتریکی میباشند. در میان ماشینهای آهنربای دائم، ماشینهای شارمتقاطع نسبت توان به حجم و گشتاور الکتریکی به حجم بالاتری دارند، بطوریکه در توانهای یکسان سایز آنها از ماشینهای معمول آهنربای دائم کوچکتر است، و این، دلیل توجه محققان به ماشینهای شارمتقاطع در سالهای اخیر است. مولدهای شارمتقاطع میتوانند با گام قطب کوچکتری، نسبت به دیگر ماشینها ساخته شوند. این ویژگیها باعث میشوند که این ماشینها، چگالی نیروی بالاتری نسبت به دیگر ماشینهای آهنربای دائمی داشته باشند. سیمپیچی مسی مولدهای شارمتقاطع ساده است و سیمپیچی مسی غیرفعال آنها بهصورت قابلملاحظهای نسبت به دیگر ماشینها کمتر است، بنابراین جرم مواد فعال برای تولید توان و گشتاور الکتریکی موردنیاز، میتواند کمتر از دیگر ماشینها باشد. بهعبارتیدیگر، حجم کوچکتر مواد فعال به واحد گشتاور الکتریکی را توسط این ماشینها میتوان به دست آورد. بنابراین این مولد با ایجاد تعداد قطب زیاد و گام قطب کوچک ایجاد توان و گشتاور بالایی میکند، و میتواند گزینه مناسبی برای استفاده در تولید انرژی الکتریکی از نیروی باد، بخصوص در سرعتهای کمباد باشد. نبود مدل دینامیکی مناسب و کاربرد این مولد، مدلسازی و شبیهسازی دینامیکی، برای تحلیل عملکرد آن تحت شرایط مختلف ضروری است. بنابراین، این مقاله یک مدل دینامیکی برای این مولد جهت اتصال به توربین بادی ارائه نموده، سپس با شبیه سازی سیستم توربین-ژنراتور به شبیه سازی توربین بادی بر اساس این مولد پرداخته است.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Machines with permanent magnet excitation have higher efficiency and more reliability than machines with electric excitation. Among the permanent magnet machines, the crossover machines have a higher ratio of power to volume and electric torque to volume, so that at the same power, their size is smaller than the usual permanent magnet machines. And this is the reason why researchers have paid attention to crossover machines in recent years. Cross-phase generators can be made with a smaller pole pitch than other machines. These features make these machines have a higher power density than other permanent magnet machines. The copper winding of the crossover generators is simple, and their passive copper winding is considerably less than other machines, so the mass of active materials required to produce power and electric torque can be less than other machines. In other words, a smaller volume of active materials per unit of electric torque can be obtained by these machines. Therefore, this generator creates high power and torque by creating a large number of poles and a small pole pitch, and it can be a suitable option for use in the production of electrical energy from wind power, especially at low wind speeds. The lack of a suitable dynamic model and the application of this generator, dynamic modeling and simulation, are necessary to analyze its performance under different conditions. Therefore, this article presents a dynamic model for this generator to be connected to the wind turbine, and then simulates the wind turbine based on this generator by simulating the turbine-generator system.
منابع و مأخذ:
M. R. Khan, M. F. Khan and M. Sartaj, “Consideration of Dynamic Cross Saturation in Mathematical Modeling of an Asymmetrical Six-Phase SEIG for Wind Energy Applications, ”2022 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Smart Grid, and Renewable Energy (PESGRE), 2022, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/PESGRE52268.2022.9715949.
M. Rosyadi, A. Umemura, R. Takahashi and J. Tamura, “Detailed and Average Models of a Grid-Connected MMC-Controlled Permanent Magnet Wind Turbine Generator, ” Applied Sciences, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1619, 2022, doi: 10.3390/app12031619.
R. Nasiri-Zarandi, A. Mohammadi Ajamloo and K. Abbaszadeh, “Cogging torque minimization in transverse flux permanent magnet generators using two-step axial permanent magnet segmentation for direct drive wind turbine application, ” International Journal of Engineering, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 908-918, 2021, doi: 10.5829/ije.2021.34.04a.17.
J. L. Acosta, K. Combe, S. Ž. Djokic and I. Hernando-Gil, “"Performance Assessment of Micro and Small -Scale Wind Turbines in Urban Areas,” IEEE System Journals, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 152-163, 2011, doi: 10.1109/JSYST.2011.2163025.
H. W. Kim, S. S. Kim and H. S. Ko, “Modeling and control of PMSG-based variable-speed wind turbine,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 46-52, 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2009.08.003.
J. Liu, L. Huang, Q. Zhang and J. Chen, “Characteristic analysis and optimization of an asymmetric‐primary axial‐flux hybrid‐excitation generator for vertical‐axis wind turbines, ” IET Electric Power Applications, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 1148-1157, 2022, doi: 10.1049/elp2.12215.
L. M. Fernández, C. A. Garcia and F. Jurado, “Operating capability as a PQ/PV node of a direct-drive wind turbine based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator, ” Renewable Energy, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 1308-1318, 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2009.11.046.
C. C. W. Chang, T. J. Ding, T. J. Ping, K. C. Chao and M. A. S. Bhuiyan, “Getting more from the wind: Recent advancements and challenges in generators development for wind turbines,” Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 53, p. 102731, 2022, doi; 10.1016/j.seta.2022.102731.
Y. M. You, K. Y. Hwang and B. I. Kwon, “Optimal design of distributed winding axial flux permanent magnet synchronous generator for wind turbine systems, ” in Digests of the 2010 14th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation, IEEE, 2010, doi: 10.1109/CEFC.2010.5481063.
Y. Chen, P. Pillay and A. Khan, “PM wind generator comparison of different topologies,” in Conference Record of the 2004 IEEE Industry Applications Society, pp 800-807, October 2004, doi: 10.1109/ias.2004.1348606.
E. Youssef, A. Obbadi and S. Sahnoun, “Development of a nonlinear backstepping approach of grid-connected permanent magnet synchronous generator wind farm structure, ” in Renewable Energy Systems. Academic Press, 2021, pp. 65-87, doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-820004-9.00008-5.
W. Jara, A. Martin and J. A. Tapia, “Axial Flux PM Machine for Low Wind Power Generation,” in The XIX International Conference on Electrical Machines - ICEM 2010, Rome, doi: 10.1109/icelmach.2010.5607862.
M. Aydin, Z. Zhu, T. Lipo and D. Howe, “Minimization of cogging torque in axial-flux permanent-magnet machines: Design concepts, ” IEEE transactions on magnetics, vol. 43, no. 9, pp. 3614-3622, 2007, doi: 10.1109/tmag.2007.902818.
P. M. Anderson, A. A. Fouad and H. H. Happ, "Power System Control and Stability," in IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 103-103, Feb. 1979, doi: 10.1109/TSMC.1979.4310158.
J. F. Gieras, R. J. Wang and M. J. Kamper,“Axial flux permanent magnet brushless machines,” Springer Science & Business Media ,Springer, 2008, pp. 1–362. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8227-6.
H. Benbouhenni, and N. Bizon. “Advanced direct vector control method for optimizing the operation of a double-powered induction generator-based dual-rotor wind turbine system,” Mathematics, vol. 9, no. 19, pp. 2403, 2021, doi: 10.3390/math9192403.
Y. Wang and N. Bianchi, “Modeling and Investigation of Self-Excited Reluctance Generators for Wind Applications, ”IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 5809-5817, Nov.-Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2019.2935931.
T. F. Chan, W. Wang and L. L. Lai, “Performance of an Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator From 3-D Finite-Element Analysis, ”IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 669-676, Sept. 2010, doi: 10.1109/TEC.2010.2042057.
B. Lu and A. Zanj, "Development of an integrated system design tool for helical Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT-X),"Energy Reports, vol. 8, pp. 8499-8510, 2022. doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2022.06.038.
M. A. Ahmed, T. Messo, P. Rasilo, and J. Rekola, “Dynamic modelling of grid‐connected permanent magnet synchronous generator wind turbine: rectifier dynamics and control design, ” The Journal of Engineering, vol. 2019, no. 18, pp. 5202-5207, 2019. doi: 10.1049/joe.2018.9343.
S. A. Mirnikjoo, F. Asadi, K. Abbaszadeh and S. E. Abdollahi, “Effect of Rotor Topology on the Performance of Counter-Rotating Double-Sided Flux Switching Permanent Magnet Generator, ”IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 65-74, March 2022, doi: 10.1109/TEC.2021.3103555.
A. J. Balbino, B. d. S. Nora and T. B. Lazzarin, “An Improved Mechanical Sensorless Maximum Power Point Tracking Method for Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator-Based Small Wind Turbines Systems, ” in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 69, no. 5, pp. 4765-4775, May 2022, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2021.3084176.
M. Malinowski, A. Milczarek, R. Kot, Z. Goryca and J. T. Szuster, “Optimized Energy-Conversion Systems for Small Wind Turbines: Renewable energy sources in modern distributed power generation systems, ” in IEEE Power Electronics Magazine, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 16-30, Sept. 2015, doi: 10.1109/MPEL.2015.2447631.
N. A. Bhuiyan and A. McDonald, “Optimization of Offshore Direct Drive Wind Turbine Generators With Consideration of Permanent Magnet Grade and Temperature, ” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 1105-1114, June 2019, doi: 10.1109/TEC.2018.2879442.
M. A. González-Cagigal, J. A. Rosendo-Macías and A. Gómez-Expósito, “Parameter Estimation of Wind Turbines With PMSM Using Cubature Kalman Filters, ”IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 1796-1804, May 2020, doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2945778.
G. Feng, C. Lai, J. Tjong and N. C. Kar, “Noninvasive Kalman Filter Based Permanent Magnet Temperature Estimation for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines, ”IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 33, no. 12, pp. 10673-10682, Dec. 2018, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2018.2808323.
C. L. Sabioni, M. F. O. Ribeiro and J. A. Vasconcelos, “Robust Design of an Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Based on Many-Objective Optimization Approach, ” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1-4, March 2018, Art no. 8101704, doi: 10.1109/TMAG.2017.2766229.
D. Bourlis, “Multiple Model Adaptive Estimation of the Aerodynamic Torque for the Control of Variable Speed Wind Turbines, ” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 316-326, March 2022, doi: 10.1109/TEC.2021.3090101.
J. H. Im, J. -K. Kang and J. Hur, “Static and Dynamic Eccentricity Faults Diagnosis in PM Synchronous Motor Using Planar Search Coil, ” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2022, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2022.3212402.
Y. Bai, B. Kou and C. C. Chan, “A Simple Structure Passive MPPT Standalone Wind Turbine Generator System, ” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 51, no. 11, pp. 1-4, Nov. 2015, Art no. 8204704, doi: 10.1109/TMAG.2015.2439043.
_||_