بررسی تطبیقی کیفیّت زندگی شهری خانواده های ساکن در سکونتگاه های غیررسمی و رسمی شهرمشهد
محورهای موضوعی : زن و خانوادهسیمین فروغ زاده 1 , سید مهدی پنج تنی 2
1 - مربی پژوهش، عضو هیات علمی گروه توسعه پایدار شهری و منطقه ای جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان رضوی، مشهد(نویسنده مسئول)
s.foroughzade@jdm.ac.ir
2 - دانشجوی دکترای جامعه شناسی اقتصادی و توسعه، گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد و عضو پژوهشی سازمان جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان رضوی، مشهد ، ایران
کلید واژه: خانواده, مشهد, کیفیّت زندگی, سکونتگاه رسمی و غیررسمی,
چکیده مقاله :
کیفیت زندگی شهری یک حوزه ی اصلی در مطالعات شهری در کشورهای مختلف تلقی می شود و توجه به ابعاد چندگانه ی اجتماعی، محیطی و اقتصادی آن به دلیل نقشی که به عنوان یک مولفه کلیدی در مدیریت و برنامه ریزی شهری و بطور کلی تعیین میزان قابل زیست بودن شهرها ایفا می کند فزونی یافته است. کیفیت زندگی شهری خدمات شهری مناسب و در دسترس برای همگان در چارچوب توسعه پایدار است.سکونتگاه های غیر رسمی حاشیه شهرها مناطقی هستند که آهنگ تحولات کالبدی و رونق اقتصادی و اجتماعی آنها با سایر نقاط شهری مطابقت ندارد و سطح کیفی زندگی در آنها به علل گوناگون در سطح نازلی قرار دارد. این سکونتگاه ها عموما فاقد زیرساخت های اولیه مناسب برای زندگی شهری اند و ساکنان این مناطق در مقایسه با بخش رسمی شهرکیفیت زندگی مطلوب و رضایت بخشی ندارند. هدف تحقیق بررسی مقایسه ای کیفیّت زندگی ادراک شده در خانواده های ساکن در سکونتگاه های غیررسمی با ساکنان محدوده های رسمی شهرمشهد است که با اتکا به نظریه لی در چهار بعد اقتصادی، اجتماعی،زیست محیطی و کالبدی به عنوان پایه های توسعة پایدار شهری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. تحقیق در سطح توصیف و به روش پیمایش و با استفاده از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته ای که روایی و پایایی آن بدست آمده بود، انجام شد. داده ها از نمونه ای به حجم630 نفر از سرپرستان خانواده درمناطق دوازده گانه شهرمشهدکه به شیوه خوشه ای انتخاب شده بودند،به صورت حضوری جمع آوری شد.یافته ها نشان می دهد میانگین کل شاخصکیفیّت زندگی برابر با 2.90 در بازه یک تا چهار است اما تفاوت هایی بین دو گروه مورد بررسی وجود دارد.با توجه به میزان میانگین به دست آمده، ساکنان سکونتگاه های رسمی(میانگین 3)، در مقایسه با ساکنان سکونتگاه های غیررسمی(میانگین 2.74) از وضعیت عمومی زندگی خود رضایت بیشتری داشته و در نتیجه ارزیابی مثبت تری از کیفیّت زندگی شان در ابعاد سه گانه مورد مطالعه(اقتصادی، زیست محیطی و کالبدی) دارند. مقایسه شاخص کلی بعد اجتماعی(وضعیت همبستگی اجتماعی،احساس تعلق مکانی،مشارکت غیررسمی در محله،احساس بهزیستی خانوادگی،احساس امنیت در محله)حاکی از یکسان بودن ارزیابی هر دو گروه پاسخگویان است و تنها در مولفه مشارکت غیررسمی، ساکنانِ محدوده های غیررسمی ارزیابی مثبت تری از کیفیّت زندگی خود داشتند. نتایج حاکی ازوجود رابطه میان درجه توسعه یافتگی مناطق شهری با رضایت افراد از کیفیّت زندگی شان دارد.
Quality of urban life is considered a major area in urban studies in different countries and attention to its multiple social, environmental and economic dimensions has been enhanced due to its role as a key component in urban management and planning and, in general, determining the extent of city livability.Quality of urban life is an effort to provide appropriate and accessible urban services to all in the context of sustainable development. Informal suburban settlements are areas whose pace of physical development and socio-economic prosperity is not in line with other urban areas and the quality of life in them is at a low level for various reasons. These settlements generally lack the adequate basic infrastructure of urban life and the residents of these areas do not have a satisfactory quality of life compared to the formal districts of the city. The objective of this study was to compare the perceived quality of urban life in families living in informal settlements with residents of formal areas of Mashhad. To accomplish this, the theory introduced by "Lee" on four dimensions of economic, social, environmental and physical components of quality of life as the basis of sustainable urban development was used., a sample of 630 heads of households in the twelve districts of Mashhad were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The results show that the overall average of the quality of life index is 2.90 in the range of one to four, but there are differences between the two groups. The residents of formal settlements compared to the residents of informal settlements have a more positive assessment of the quality of their urban life in the three dimensions studied condition (Mean 3 versus 2.74 respectively) they. Comparison of general indicators of social dimension (social solidarity, sense of place attachment, informal participation in the neighborhood affairs, sense of family well-being and sense of security in the neighborhood) indicates the same assessment of both groups of respondents. It is only the informal participation in which residents of informal areas have a more positive assessment of their quality of life. The results indicate that there is relationship between the degree of development of urban areas and people perceived quality of urban life.
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