مطالعه تجربه عدم سوگواری در بازماندگان بیماری کوید 19 در شهر همدان
محورهای موضوعی : خانوادهانور دست باز 1 , زهرا زارعی 2 , امید مرادی 3 , جلیل سحابی 4
1 - استادیار، گروه مشاوره، دانشکده علوم انسانی ، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران
2 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه روانشناسی، واحد سنندج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، سنندج، ايران
3 - استادیار گروه مشاوره ، واحد سنندج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سنندج، ایران
4 - استادیار گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سنندج
کلید واژه: عدم سوگواری, بازماندگان, پدیدار شناسی, کوید 19,
چکیده مقاله :
از دست دادن یکی از اعضای خانواده بزرگ‌ترین بحران است که فرد باید با آن روبرو شود. با توجه به شرایط قرنطینه و عدم برگزاری مراسم سوگواری و تخلیه هیجانی و با توجه به اینکه سوگواری یک واکنش اجتماعی است. از این رو این پژوهش به منظور بررسی تجربه عدم سوگواری در بازماندگان بیماری کوید 19انجام شد. در این پژوهش برای جمع‌آوری و ارزیابی اطلاعات درباره تجربه سوگ از پژوهش کیفی پدیدارشناسی توصیفی(تجربه زیسته) استفاده شده است. ۱۲ مشارکت‌کننده که تجربه مرگ یکی از اعضای خانواده را داشتند به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند و جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه عمیق با آنها تا رسیدن داده‌ها به اشباع ادامه یافت. تحلیل و تفسیر داده ها به روش گلیزری و رویکرد پدیدارشناسی انجام شد. پس از تحلیل نتایج چهار خوشه ی اصلی تحت عنوان اضطراب، نابسامانی، احساسات منفی و تنهایی و ده خوشه فرعی شامل اضطراب بیماری ، اضطراب مرگ ، احساس ناتوانی در برابر کنترل بیماری و عدم تحمل ابهام ، آشفتگی در عملکرد ، کاهش کیفیت زندگی ، گرایش های خود تخریبی و رفتارهای آسیب زا ، خشم از عدم کنترل به علت ماهیت مسری بودن بیماری و علل و درمان ناشناخته ، عذاب وجدان ، سوگ بی آغوش و عدم امکان ابراز هیجان ، پریشانی عاطفی و روانی استخراج شد. نتایج این مطالعه تائیدی است بر اینکه عدم سوگواری در بازماندگان بیماری کرونا زمینه های موثری شامل مقولات بالا داشته است. لذا ضمن توجه به این عوامل ، ایجاد فضایی امن جهت سوگواری داغدیدگان مفید و موثر است.
Abstract Losing a family member is the biggest crisis a person has to face. Due to the quarantine conditions and the lack of mourning and emotional evacuation, and due to the fact that mourning is a social reaction, the aim of this study was to investigate the participants' experience of mourning after the death of a family member due to coronary heart disease. In this research, descriptive phenomenological qualitative research (lived experience) has been used to collect and evaluate information about the experience of mourning. Twelve participants who experienced the death of a family member were selected by purposive sampling method and data collection was continued through in-depth interviews with them until the data reached saturation. Data analysis and interpretation were performed by Colaizzi method and phenomenological approach. After analyzing the results, four main clusters and ten sub-clusters were extracted. The results of this study confirm that the lack of mourning in coronary heart disease survivors has had significant consequences.
Alizadeh Fard, S., & Saffarinia, M. (2020). Predicting mental health based on anxiety and social correlation due to coronary heart disease. Journal of Social Psychology Research, 9(36), 129-141 (in Persian).
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM5®), American Psychiatric Pub.
Bailley, E., Dunham, K., Michael, J., & Kral, S. (2000). Factor structure of the grief experience questionnaire (GEQ). Journal of Death Studies, 24(8), 721-738.
Boroujerdi, F., & Mazandarani, S. (2019). Meta-analysis of studies on death anxiety. Journal of Educational Measurement, 9 (36), 119-136 (in Persian).
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Journal of the lancet, 395(10227), 912-920.
Cardoso, É. A. D. O., Silva, B. C. D. A. D., Santos, J. H. D., Lotério, L. D. S., Accoroni, A. G., & Santos, M. A. D. (2020). The effect of suppressing funeral rituals during the COVID-19 pandemic on bereaved families. Journal of Revista latino-americana de Enfermagem, 28 (12), 120 -135.
Carr, D., Boerner, K., & Moorman, S. (2020). Bereavement in the time of coronavirus: unprecedented challenges demand novel interventions. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 32(5), 425-431.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications.
Dong, L., & Bouey, J. (2020). Public mental health crisis during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of China. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26(7), 161- 182.
Esmaeilpur, KH. & Bakhshalizade moradi, SH. (2015). Intensity of mourning reactions caused by the death of first-degree relatives. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 20 (4), 363 -371 (in Persian).
Eyni, S., Ebadi, M., & Torabi, N. (2020). Developing a model of corona anxiety in students based on optimism and resilience: The mediating role of the perceived social support. Journal of Counseling Culture and Psycotherapy, 11(43), 1-32 (in Persian).
Fathi Ashtiani, A., Rahnejat, A. M., Ahmadi Tahour Soltani, M., Taghva, A., Ebrahimi, M. R., Donyavi, V., & Jahandari, P. (2020). Psychological consequences and interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic: narrative review. Journal of Marine Medicine, 2(1), 1-11 (in Persian).
Fernández, Ó., & González, M. (2020). The dead with no wake, grieving with no closure: Illness and death in the days of coronavirus in Spain. Journal of Religion and Health, 4(3), 1-19.
Fischhoff, B. (2020). Speaking of psychology: Coronavirus anxiety. American Psychological Association.
Fujisawa, D., Miyashita, M., Nakajima, S., Ito, M., Kato, M., & Kim, Y. (2010). Prevalence and determinants of complicated grief in general population. Journal of Affective Disorders, 127(3), 352-358.
Hartz, G. W. (1986). Adult grief and its interface with mood disorder: proposal of a new diagnosis of complicated bereavement. Journal of Comprehensive Psychiatry, 27(1), 60-64.
Javadi, S.M.H., & Sajadian, M. (2020). Coronavirus Pandemic a factor in delayed mourning in aurvivors: a letter to the editor. Journal of Arak Iniversity of Medical Sciences, 23(1), 2-7 (in Persian).
Khojasteh Rad, A., Mohammadkhah, F., Amjadi, S., & Navabi, N. (2021). Relationship of corona anxiety with life satisfaction and quality of life in iranian adult. Caspian Journal of Health and Aging, 5(2), 26-35 (in Persian).
Levinger, G. (1992). Close relationship loss as a set of inkblots in close relationship loss (pp. 213-221). Springer, New York, NY.
Lyons, E. E., & Coyle, A. E. (2007). Analysing qualitative data in psychology. Sage publications ltd.
Malkinson, R. (2010). Cognitive-behavioral grief therapy: The ABC model of rational-emotion behavior therapy. Journal of Psihologijske Teme, 19(2), 289-305.
Momeni, J.& Sahab Negah, S. (2021). A review of mourning: complications of mourning during the outbreak of quidd - 19. Journal of Student Research Committee Quarterly, 23(4), 132- 145 (in Persian).
Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. Sage publications.
Novotney, A. (2019). The risks of social isolation, American psychological association. Journal of Affective Disorders, 50 (5), 32-42.
Okhravi, N., Shabanyani, V., nikakhtar, Z., & Rostami, F. (2021). Mourning management in the days of Corona. Journal of Behvarz Magazine, 31(10), 58-63 (in Persian).
Rando, T.A. (1993). Treatment of complicated mourning. Champaign, IL: Research Press.
Shahed-HaghGhadam, Fathi-Ashtiani, A., Rahnejat, A.M., Ahmadi-Tahour soltani, M., Taghva, A., Ebrahimi, M.R., Donyavi, V., & Jahndari, P. (2020). Psychological consequences and interventions during the Covid-19 pandemic: narrative review. Journal of Marine Medicine, 2 (1), 1-11.
Shahyad, S., & Mohammadi, M. T. (2020). Psychological impacts of Covid-19 outbreak on mental health status of society individuals: a narrative review. Journal of Military Medicine, 3(2), 184-192.
Souza, C.P., & Souza, A.M. (2019). Funeral rituals in the process of mourning. Meaning and Functions Journal, 3(4), 35 - 57.
Tomita, T., & Kitamura, T. (2002). Clinical and research measures of grief: reconsideration. Journal of Compr Psychiatry, 43(2), 95-102.
Vanderstoep, S.W., & Johnston, D. (2009). Research methods for everyday life: Blending qualitative and quantitative research approaches. Australian Counselling Research Journal, 14(1):45-65.
Worden, J. W. (2018). Grief counseling and grief therapy: A handbook for the mental health practitioner. Springer Publishing Company.
World Health Organization. (2005). WHO checklist for influenza pandemic preparedness planning (No. WHO/CDS/CSR/GIP/2005.4). World Health Organization.
World Health Organization. (2020). Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak, 18 March 2020 (No. WHO/2019-nCoV/MentalHealth/2020.1). World Health Organization.
Zhang, F., Shang, Z., Ma, H., Jia, Y., Sun, L., Guo, X., & et al. (2020). High risk of infection caused posttraumatic stress symptoms in individuals with poor sleep quality study on influence of coronavirus disease (COVID) in China. Journal of MedRxiv, 1(3), 58-62.
Zhou, P., Yang, X. L., Wang, X. G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W, Johnston, D., Worden, J. & Shi, Z. L. (2020). A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Journal of Nature, 57(3), 270-273.