تأثیر درمان مرور زندگی مبتنی بر گرایش هستی-شناسی اسلامی بر انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی و تفکر قطعی‌نگر در سالمندان
محورهای موضوعی : سلامت
1 - استادیار گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: مرور زندگی, انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی, سالمندی, تفکر قطعی‌نگر, هستی‌شناسی,
چکیده مقاله :
سالمندی، مسائل و مشکلاتی مانند انعطاف ناپذیری شناختی و تفکر قطعی نگر را به همراه دارد. با این وجود این موضوع کمتر مورد توجه پژوهشگران قرار گرفته است. بر این اساس هدف اصلی این پژوهش تعیین تأثیر درمان مرور زندگی مبتنی بر گرایش هستی شناسی اسلامی بر انعطاف پذیری شناختی و تفکر قطعی نگر در سالمندان بود. طرح پژوهش به صورت نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش آزمون- پس آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه سالمندان مرکز روزانه نگهداری از سالمندان شهر کرمانشاه بودند. پس از برگزاری پیش آزمون، تعداد 30 نفر از افرادی که کمترین نمرات را در پرسشنامه های انعطاف پذیری شناختی (Dennis & Vander wal, 2010) و بیشترین نمره را در پرسشنامه تفکر قطعی نگر (Younesi & Mirafzal, 2008) کسب کرده بودند، به روش در دسترس انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه (هر گروه 15 نفر) آزمایش و کنترل قرار گرفتند. مداخله مرور زندگی مبتنی بر گرایش هستی شناسی اسلامی با فاصله یک هفته طی مدت سه ماه در 12 جلسه 45 دقیقه ای و هفته ای یک جلسه برگزار شد. بعد از کنترل اثر نمرات پیش آزمون، بین دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل از نظر این متغیرها تفاوت معنی داری مشاهده شد (05/0>P). در مرحله پس آزمون، میانگین نمرات انعطاف پذیری شناختی افزایش و تفکر قطعی نگر کاهش یافت. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، درمان مرور زندگی مبتنی بر گرایش هستی شناسی اسلامی، بر انعطاف پذیری شناختی و تفکر قطعی نگر تأثیر قابل توجهی دارد. بر این اساس، این رویکرد می تواند به عنوان یک ابزار مفید برای بهبود مسائل و کاستی های روان شناختی سالمندان مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
Aging leads to issues and problems such as cognitive inflexibility and definitive thinking. However these issues have been less the attention of researchers. Accordingly, the main goal of this study was to determine the effect of life review treatment based on the Islamic ontology trend on cognitive flexibility and deterministic thinking in the elderly. This study design was experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population included all elderly people in Kermanshah daily keeping center for the elderly. After the pre-test, 30 people were selected by available sampling from among those who had the lowest scores in the Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire and the highest score in the Definitive Thinking Questionnaire, and placed in two experimental and control groups (each group is 15 people) randomly. Life review intervention based on the Islamic ontology trend was held at intervals of ten days during three months in 12 sessions and 45 minutes each session and a weekly session. Analysis of the results by using covariance analysis indicated that the life review intervention based on the Islamic ontology trend is effective on increasing cognitive flexibility and reducing the definitive thinking of elderly people (P<0.05). Accordingly, this approach can be utilized as a useful tool to improve the Psychological problems and shortcomings of the elderly.
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