فراتحلیل اثربخشی آموزش‌های مبتنی بر رویکرد سازنده‌گرایی بر عملکرد تحصیلی در درس علوم تجربی
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی
یاسر گراوند
1
(دانشجوی دکترای روان شناسی تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز،ایران)
مرتضی امیدیان
2
(دانشیار گروه روان شناسی تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.)
حمید فرهادی راد
3
(دانشیارگروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران)
سیدعباس رضوی
4
(استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران)
غلامحسین مکتبی
5
(دانشیار گروه روان شناسی تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز،اهواز، ایران.)
کلید واژه: آموزش‌های مبتنی بر سازنده‌گرایی, فراتحلیل, علوم تجربی, عملکرد تحصیلی,
چکیده مقاله :
پژوهش کاربردی حاضر با روش فراتحلیل در صدد ترکیب پژوهش های انجام شده در زمینۀ تأثیر آموزش های مبتنی بر سازنده‌گرایی بر عملکرد تحصیلی دانش آموزان در درس علوم تجربی بود. میدان پژوهش شامل مطالعاتی بود که طی 15 سال گذشته در داخل و خارج کشور به صورت پایان نامه، مقاله های علمی پژوهشی و کنفرانس های علمی در پایگاه‌های پژوهشگاه علوم و فناوری اطلاعات ایران، بانک منابع اطلاعات جهاد دانشگاهی، بانک اطلاعات نشریات کشور ، سیویلیکا و مجلات علمی- پژوهشی در حوزۀ علوم‌تربیتی و روان شناسی، Science Direct، ERICT، Psych info،Scopusو Google Scholar در دسترس بود. بر اساس ملاک های ورود و خروج 14 اندازۀ اثر از میان 109 تحقیق مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. برای تجزیه و تحلیل پژوهش های اولیه اندازۀ اثر ترکیبی با دو مدل اثر ثابت و تصادفی استفاده شد و برای بررسی سوگیری انتشار از روش تحلیل حساسیت با استفاده از نمودار قیفی و شاخص آماری تعداد امن از تخریب و برای بررسی میزان ناهمگنی از آزمون Q کوکران و مجذور I استفاده شد و برای تبدیل اندازۀ اثر از ضریب Z فیشر استفاده گردید. نتایج مربوط به اندازۀ اثر ترکیبی برای مدل اثرات تصادفی (64/2) به دست آمد. همچنین، نتایج نشان داد که متغیرهای نوع ابزار و نوع مداخله های به کار رفته تعدیل گر اثربخشی آموزش های مبتنی بر سازنده گرایی بر عملکرد تحصیلی دانش آموزان در درس علوم تجربی‌اند. یافته های این فراتحلیل دارای پشتوانۀ نظری و تجربی مکفی است و لزوم بازنگری و استفاده از آموزش های مبتنی بر سازنده گرایی را در نظام آموزشی کشور موجّه می سازد.
The present applied research with meta-analysis method sought to combine research on the effect of constructivism-based education on students' academic performance in experimental sciences course. The field of research of the study consisted of available studies that have been disseminated in Iran and abroad for the past 15 years in the form of theses, scientific research articles, and scientific conferences at Iran research Institute for Information Science and Technology (Irandoc), The Scientific Information databases (Sid), Database of Iranian Publications (Magiran), Sivilica and scientific-research journals in the field of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Science Direct, ERICT, Psych info, Scopus, and Google Scholar. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 effect sizes were evaluated among 109 studies.Initial studies were used to analyze the combined effect size with two fixed and random effects models and to investigate Publication Bias by sensitivity analysis using Funnel plotand and statistical index of Safe of fail statistic and Q Cochran test and I-square to investigate heterogeneity were used and Fisher's Z-factor was used to convert the effect size. Combined effect size results were obtained for the random effects model (2.64). The results also showed that the variables of the type of tools and the type of interventions used are moderating the effectiveness of constructivist-based education on students' academic performance in experimental science course. The findings of this meta-analysis have strong theoretical and empirical support and warrant the necessity to review and apply constructivist-based education in the country's education system.
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