تحلیل و نقد دلالت‌های تعلیم و تربیت چندفرهنگی با تأکید بر آرای میشل فوکو
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی
نجمه احمدآبادی آرانی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری فلسفه تعلیم و تربیت دانشگاه پیام نور تهران، تهران، ایران.)
حمید احمدی هدایت
2
(دانش آموخته دکتری فلسفه تعلیم و تربیت دانشگاه شاهد تهران، تهران، ایران.)
محسن فرمهینی فراهانی
3
(دانشیار فلسفه تعلیم و تربیت دانشگاه شاهد تهران، تهران، ایران.)
کلید واژه: برنامه درسی, پست‌مدرنیسم, تعلیم و تربیت چندفرهنگی, میشل فوکو,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف پژوهش حاضر، تحلیل و نقد دلالت‌های تعلیم و تربیت چندفرهنگی با تأکید بر آرای میشل فوکو است. برای دستیابی به این هدف از روش‌های تحلیل مفهومی و انتقادی بهره گرفته شده است. فوکو به‌عنوان یک نظریه‌پرداز پست‌مدرن با طرح نظریة انتقادی درصدد ارائة نوعی از تعلیم و تربیت است که در آن مسئلة فرهنگ و عدالت از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار است. او ضمن انتقاد از روابط قدرت در نظام‌های آموزشی دلالت‌های قابل توجهی در تعلیم و تربیت چندفرهنگی ارائه کرده است. از نظر او اساس تربیت باید مبتنی بر شیوه‌های دموکراتیک و غیر اقتدارگرایانه باشد و علایق اعضا و اجزای متعدد سازندة جامعه اعم از دیگر فرهنگ‌ها، باید مورد توجه قرار گیرد. فوکو متون درسی را به‌عنوان عملکردهای ساخته تاریخ، جامعه و صاحبان قدرت نقد می‌کند و معتقد است که همواره از متون به‌عنوان ابزار قدرت بهره گرفته شده است. با بررسی آرای تربیتی فوکو می‌توان اذعان نمود رهنمودهای ضمنی وی به ایجاد عدالت آموزشی و فرهنگی می‌انجامد. با این وجود نقدهایی نیز ازجمله؛ بحرانی شدن بازنمایی واقعیت، تأکید بر نسبی‌گرایی معرفت‌شناختی، واگرایی سیاست‌های تعلیم و تربیت، عدم پیش‌فرض‌های لازم در بحث گفتمان و عدم ارائة راه‌حل برای معضلات تربیتی، به آرای او می‌توان وارد کرد.
The purpose of the present research is to analyze and critique the implications of multicultural education with an emphasis on Michel Foucault's views. To achieve this goal, conceptual and critical analysis methods have been used. Foucault, as a postmodernist theorist, proposes a kind of education in which the issue of culture and justice is important. While criticizing power relations in educational systems, he has provided significant implications for multicultural education. In his view, the basis for education should be based on democratic and non-authoritarian methods, and the interests of the members and various components of society, including other cultures, should be taken into consideration. Foucault criticizes the textbooks as functions of history, society, and power, and believes that texts have always been used as tools of power. By examining Foucault's educational opinions, it can be admitted that his implications for educational and cultural justice will be. Nevertheless, criticisms can be made, such as the criticality of the revelation of reality, the emphasis on epistemological relativism, the divergence of education policies, the lack of presumptions in the discussion of discourse, and the lack of solutions to educational issues.
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