طراحی مدل توسعه سواد بازخورد دانش¬آموزان در یادگیری: رویکرد فراترکیب نظریه ساز
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی
مریم شفیعی سروستانی
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مجید شعبانی فرد
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هدیه امیری
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کوثر خادم
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1 - دانشیار، عضو هیئت علمی دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شیراز ایران.
2 - دانش آموخته دکتری مدیریت آموزشی دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شیراز ایران
3 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت آموزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شیراز ایران
4 - دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت آموزشی،دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی ،دانشگاه شیراز ایران
کلید واژه: سواد, بازخورد, سواد بازخورد, فراترکیب نظریه ساز.,
چکیده مقاله :
توانایی سواد بازخورد نشان از اعتماد به نفس، یادگیری و فهم عمیق فراگیر از آنچه آموخته است، دارد. لذا هدف کلی از انجام پژوهش حاضر طراحی مدل توسعه سواد بازخورد دانش آموزان در یادگیری میباشد. پژوهش از نوع کاربردی و دادهها بر اساس یک طرح پژوهش کیفی از نوع فراترکیب نظریهساز و با استفاده از روش هفتمرحلهای Finegold-Kant (2018) گردآوری گردید. پس از ارائه سؤال پژوهش، اعضای تیم فراترکیب مشخص شد. 104منبع در حوزه سواد بازخورد مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. طی مراحل تلفیق 41 منبع با معیارهای مورد نظر منطبق بود. با تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها، سپس با شیوه فراچکیده نویسی و دسته بندی ابتدا 38 کدباز(برقراری روابط مناسب میان معلم و دانش آموز ، تجزیه و تحلیل نمونههای بازخوردی توسط دانش آموزان ، ارزش گذاری بازخورد ، مرتبط کردن فرایند بازخورد با هدف و...) استخراج شد و کدهای باز در دو کد محوری پیشایندهای فردی و گروهی(8کدباز)، فرایندهای فردی، گروهی (19کدباز) و پیامدهای فردی، گروهی (11 کدباز) قرار گرفتند و در نهایت بر اساس کدگذاری گزینشی مدل نهایی توسعه سواد بازخورد ترسیم گردید. برای اعتبار یابی یافتههای پژوهش از چهار روش اعتباریابی توصیفی، تفسیری، نظری و پراگماتیک استفاده شد و اعتبار یافتهها مورد تأیید قرارگرفت. یافتهها نشان داد برای تقویت و بهبود سواد بازخورد، ابتدا باید عواملی یا پیشایندهای توسعه سواد بازخورد را فراهم نمود تا فرایندهای سواد بازخورد به درستی شکل گرفته و نهایتاً منجر به تقویت سواد بازخورد، افزایش اعتماد به نفس در تعاملات، افزایش انگیزه درونی و ایجاد نگرش مثبت نسبت یادگیری و سواد بازخورد محقق گردد
The feedback literacy ability shows self-confidence, learning and comprehensive deep understanding of what has been learned. Based on this, the aim of this research was to design a literacy development model for students' feedback in learning. The current research is of an applied type, this research was applied in nature and the data were collected based on a qualitative research design of a theory-generating meta-synthesis using the seven-step method of Finfgeld-Conant (2018). In order to ensure and validate the search process and reach the research findings, the expert team consisting of one educational management specialists and three educational management experts formed the members of the research team. Then, reliable sources of research data were used from seven databases, including: Scopus, Springer, Wiley Online, Taylor and Francis, and Google Scholar, the country's periodicals database, including Mogiran and Nurmagz, and the scientific information database of Jihad University, and related articles in the period of 2012 to 2024 and 1392 to 1403 were collected.126 resources were evaluated in the field of feedback literacy. During the consolidation process, 41 sources matched the desired criteria. By analyzing the data, then by meta-abstracting and categorizing first 38 open codes (establishing appropriate relationships between teachers and students, analyzing feedback samples by students, valuing feedback, linking the feedback process with the goal and ...) were extracted and the open codes were placed in two central codes of individual and group antecedents (8 open codes), individual and group processes (19 open codes) and individual and group consequences (11 open codes).And finally, based on selective coding, the final model of feedback literacy development was drawn.Four methods of descriptive, interpretive, theoretical and pragmatic validation were used to validate the research findings and the validity of the findings was confirmed.The findings showed that in order to strengthen and improve feedback literacy, one must first provide factors or antecedents for the development of feedback literacy so that feedback literacy processes are formed correctly and ultimately lead to strengthening feedback literacy, increasing self-confidence in interactions, increasing internal motivation and creating A positive attitude towards learning and feedback literacy should be realized. As a result, it is appropriate for those involved in education to pay special attention to teaching feedback literacy by providing the suggested solutions mentioned below. Direct training, creating a supportive environment, Practice giving and receiving feedback, provide specific and actionable feedback, Use of technology, encourage self-evaluation and encourage reflective thinking.
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