چالش‌های محیط زیستی پسماندها در حقوق بین الملل
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق بین الملل محیط زیستزینب پورخاقان شاهرضایی 1 , زهراسادات حسینی 2
1 - گروه حقوق بین الملل، واحد اصفهان(خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، اصفهان، ایران
2 - گروه حقوق، واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران.
کلید واژه: چالش‌های محیط‌زیستی, حقوق محیط‌زیست, حقوق بین الملل, پسماند.,
چکیده مقاله :
امروزه، خطرهای محیط‌زیستی ناشی از سوء مدیریت پسماندها به عنوان یکی از مشکلات اساسی در کشورهای جهان محسوب می‌شود. با رشد روز افزون تکنولوژی، مدیریت زباله‌ها و پسماندها، از مباحث مهم در زمینه قوانین بین‌المللی محیط‌زیستی بوده که تنها شامل حفاظت از طبیعت و محیط‌زیست نبوده و باید به عنوان یک مجموعه از هنجارها، نهادها و شیوه‌های طراحی شده برای مدیریت پسماندهای مختلف در ابعاد جهانی محسوب شود. در این مقاله با استفاده از روش توصیفی تحلیلی، چالش‌های محیط‌زیستی پسماندها در حقوق بین‌الملل بررسی می‌شود. روش کار این مقاله به صورت کتابخانه‌ای بوده و با بررسی پژوهش‌های انجام شده و همچنین قوانین و مقررات بین‌المللی موجود در زمینه پسماندها انجام شده است. در زمینه نتایج حاصل از پژوهش می‌توان عنوان نمود که آلودگی‌های ناشی از پسماندها یکی از دغدغه‌های اساسی بشر بوده و سندهای بین‌المللی متعددی در ارتباط با چالش‌های محیط‌زیستی ناشی از پسماندها چه در ابعاد داخلی کشورها و چه در ابعاد بین‌المللی به تصویب رسیده که سبب ایجاد مسئولیت‌های محیط‌زیستی برای دولت‌ها می‌گردد. همچنین با پیشرفت تکنولوژی و ایجاد پسماندهای الکترونیکی، چالش‌های جدیدی در زمینه محیط‌زیست و حفاظت از آن برای کشورها ایجاد شده که بازیافت نمودن آن‌ها از عوامل مهم در زمینه مدیریت پسماندها بوده است. می‌توان عنوان نمود که موضوع پسماندها موضوعی داخلی و محدود به قوانین و سیاست‌های هر کشور خاص نبوده و نیازمند همکاری تمامی کشورهاست و پیشنهاد می‌شود که سازمان‌های ذیربط در زمینه ایجاد یک رویه واحد در زمینه مدیریت پسماند با دارا بودن ضمانت اجرای قوی اقدام نمایند.
Today, environmental risks caused by the mismanagement of waste are recognized as a fundamental issue worldwide. With the rapid advancement of technology, waste and its management have emerged as crucial topics in the field of international environmental laws. These laws go beyond the protection of nature and the environment; rather, they constitute a comprehensive framework of norms, institutions, and methods specifically crafted for waste management, taking into account diverse global dimensions. This study uses an analytical-descriptive method to explore the environmental challenges associated with waste in international law. The research methodology is library-based, relying on the review of existing studies, international laws, and regulations about waste. The research findings emphasize that pollution resulting from waste is a primary global concern, leading to the approval of numerous international documents addressing environmental challenges posed by waste at both domestic and international levels. These documents establish environmental responsibilities for governments. Additionally, the advancement of technology and increase in the production of electronic wastes have introduced new challenges in environmental protection for countries, with recycling standing out as a crucial factor in waste management. The issue of waste is not limited to the internal laws and policies of individual countries; it necessitates global cooperation. It is recommended that relevant organizations take proactive measures to establish a unified procedure in waste management, backed by robust executive guarantees.
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