سودمندی کشت مخلوط کنجد-لوبیا چشم بلبلی در تیمارهای مختلف کودی

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

جاسم امینی فر ¹ , محمود رمرودی ² , محمد گلوی ³ , غلامرضا محسن آبادی ⁴

1 - دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
3 - استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
4 - استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/07/15 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/06/23 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/12/01

کلید واژه: عملکرد, کنجد, لوبیا چشم بلبلی, حاصل خیزی خاک, سودمندی مخلوط,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور بررسی تأثیر مدیریت سیستم‌های مختلف مصرف کود و نقش نسبت های متفاوت کشت مخلوط کنجد و لوبیا چشم بلبلی در حاصل خیزی خاک، آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سال 1393 در استان فارس، شهرستان فسا اجرا گردید. فاکتور اصلی شامل مصرف کودهای شیمیایی و آلی: نیتروژن + فسفر (F1)، کود آلی (F2)، کود زیستی (F3)، شیمیایی 50% + 50% آلی (F4) و 50% شیمیایی + 50% زیستی (F5)، و فاکتور فرعی شامل نسبت های کاشت گیاهان: کشت خالص کنجد (M1)، کشت خالص لوبیا چشم بلبلی (M2)، کشت مخلوط 50:50 (M3)، کشت مخلوط 25:75 کنجد-لوبیا چشم بلبلی (M4) و کشت مخلوط 75:25 کنجد-لوبیا چشم بلبلی (M5)، بودند. نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کنجد و لوبیا چشم بلبلی به طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر مصرف کود و نسبت‌های کاشت قرار گرفتند. بیشترین عملکرد کنجد (1292/60 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و لوبیا چشم بلبلی (3772/40 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در شرایط تک‌کشتی به دست آمد و در بین تیمارهای کودی بیشترین عملکرد کنجد (950/49 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و لوبیا چشم بلبلی (2582/50 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به ترتیب متعلق به اعمال تیمار کود آلی (F2) و کود زیستی (F3) بودند. علی رغم این نتایج، نسبت‌های کاشت نشان داد که بیشترین مقدار نسبت برابری زمین (LER) متعلق به سیستم کودی F4 با میانگین 1/24 و نسبت کاشت 50:50 (M3) با میانگین 1/03 بودند. بنابراین، با توجه به این نتایج، به نظر می‌رسد که نسبت کاشت M3 و مصرف 50% کود شیمیایی + 50% کود آلی (F4)، می‌تواند مصرف کمتر کودهای شیمیایی و سودمندی کشت مخلوط این دو گیاه را به همراه داشته باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

To investigate the effects of different fertilizer applications and sesame/cowpea intercropping systems on soil fertility, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted in Fasa, Fars province, during 2014. The main plots were five fertilizer levels consisted of: using chemical fertilizers nitrogen+phosphorous (F1), organic fertilizers (F2), biofertilizers (F3), 50% chemical fertilizer + 50% organic fertilizer (F4) and 50% chemical fertilizer + 50% biofertilizer (F5), and sub plots consisted of: sole cropping of sesame (M1), sole cropping of cowpea (M2), 50:50 sesame-cowpea intercropping (M3), 75:25 sesame-cowpea intercropping (M4) and 25:75 sesame-cowpea intercropping (M5). The results showed that soil fertility and cropping systems affected the yield and yield components of sesame and cowpea significantly. The highest yield of sesame (1292.6 kg.ha-1), and cowpea (3772.4 kg.ha-1) were obtained from their sole croppings. Among the applications of fertilizer, the highest yield of sesame (950.49 kg.ha-1) and cowpea (2582.50 kg.ha-1) belonged to bioorganic and biofertilizer treatments, respectively. In spite of these results, the highest land equivalent ratio (LER) belonged to F4 (1.24) and M3 (1.03) treatments. In general, according to the results, it seems that 50:50 sesame-cowpea intercropping (M3) and application of 30 kg.ha-1 N + 50 kg.ha-1 P + 150 kg.ha-1 bio-organic fertilizer (F4), may reduce application of chemical fertilizers and be beneficial to sesame-cowpea intercropping system.

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