پیش تیمار بذر با متانول، اتانول، بُر و منگنز و اثر آنها بر برخی از صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک کلزا (Brassica napus L.) تحت تنش کمبود آب

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

ابراهیم خلیل وند بهروزیار ¹

1 - استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/04/12 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/11/30 تاریخ انتشار : 1396/12/01

کلید واژه: کلزا, تنش کمبود آب, پیش تیمار, عناصر ریز مغذی,

چکیده مقاله :

اثرات پیش تیمار بذر با متانول، اتانول و عناصر ریز مغذی بُر و منگنز بر تعدادی از صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک کلزا تحت تنش کمبود آب طی دو آزمایش مجزا در سال 1391 در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز به صورت آزمایشگاهی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و در شرایط گلخانه ی در قالب آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاًتصادفی با 3 تکراربررسی گردید. تیمارهای آزمایشی عبارت بودند از ترکیب پیش تیمار بذر در 5 سطح شامل: بدون پیش تیمار (شاهد)، اتانول با غلظت 2 درصد حجمی، متانول با غلظت 2 درصد حجمی، سولفات منگنز و اسید بوریک با غلظت 5 در هزار و تنش کمبود آب در چهار سطح شامل: 25،50، 75 و 100 درصد رطوبت قابل دسترس. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر پیش تیمار بر صفات متوسط زمان جوانه زنی و سرعت جوانه زنی در سطح احتمال 1 درصد معنی دار بود. همچنین اثر اصلی پیش تیمار بذر با ترکیبات متفاوت و نیز سطوح مختلف تنش کمبود آب بر صفات محتوای رطوبت نسبی برگ و تعداد خورجین در بوته و اثر متقابل پیش تیمار ترکیبات متفاوت در سطوح مختلف تنش کمبود آب بر صفات عملکرد دانه، مقاومت روزنه ای و وزن خشک بوته در سطح احتمال 1 درصد نیز معنی دار شدند. بر اساس مقایسه میانگین داده‌ها، متوسط زمان لازم برای جوانه زنی و سرعت جوانه زنی در اثر پیش تیمار با اتانول به ترتیب 65 و 72 درصد افزایش نشان دادند. همچنین، صفات مقدار نسبی آب برگ و تعداد خورجین در بوته در اثر پیش تیمار بذر با اتانول به ترتیب 8 و 9% افزایش یافتند. پیش تیمار بذر با اتانول در تیمار 100 درصد رطوبت قابل دسترس نسبت به پیش تیمار بذر با سولفات منگنز در تیمار 25% رطوبت قابل دسترس موجب افزایش 85 درصدی عملکرد دانه گردید.

چکیده انگلیسی:

To effects of seed priming with ethanol, methanol, boron and manganese on some morphophysiological characteristics of rapeseed under water deficit stress was investigated in greenhouse using a factorial experiment based on completely randomized block design with three replications at the Research Station of the Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran, during growing seasons of 2012-2013. Treatments were 5 priming treatments: without seed priming, control, seeds priming with 2% ethanol, 2% methanol and with 0.5% of H3BO3 and of MnSO4.H2O solutions) and 4 levels of different regimes of irrigation: (irrigation at 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of field capacity. The analysis of variance showed significant effects of seed priming on mean germination time (MGT) and germination speed (GS). The analysis of variance also indicated significant effect of seed priming and water deficit stress on relative water content (RWC) and number of pod per plant. Furthermore, the results showed a significant difference of interaction between seed priming and water deficit stress for seed yield per plant, stomata resistance and dry biomass weight per plant. The detailed results of this study showed that ethanol seed priming increased mean germination time (MGT) and germination speed (GS) by 65% and 72% respectively. Seed priming by ethanol increased relative water content (RWC) by 8% and number of pod per plant by 9% as compared with those of untreated seeds. Furthermore, seed priming by ethanol at 100% FC increased seed yield by 85% as compared with seed treatment by MnSO4.H2O at 25% FC.

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