اثر استفاده از کودهای آلی بر ویژگی های کمی و کیفی ریحان (Ocimum basilicum) در منطقه سیستان

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

تهمینه میرعرب ¹ , عیسی پیری ² , ابوالفضل توسلی ³ , مهدی بابائیان ⁴

1 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، دانشگاه پیام نور زاهدان، زاهدان، ایران
2 - دانشیار دانشگاه پیام نور زاهدان، زاهدان، ایران
3 - استادیار دانشگاه پیام نور زاهدان، زاهدان، ایران
4 - استادیار گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، مجتمع آموزش عالی شیروان، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/10/12 تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/12/19 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/04/01

کلید واژه: ورمی کمپوست, کمپوست, ریحان, اسانس, کود گاوی,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور بررسی اثر کود گاوی، کمپوست و ورمی کمپوست بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و درصد اسانس ریحان در منطقه سیستان، آزمایشی به صورت گلدانی و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی، با سه تکرار در سال 1392 در گلخانه‌ای واقع در شهر زابل اجرا گردید. تیمارهای کود آلی مورد آزمایش شامل : F1= شاهد (عدم مصرف کود) 20 %F2= حجمی ورمی کمپوست، 40%= F3حجمی ورمی کمپوست، 20 % F4= حجمی کمپوست،40%F5 = حجمی کمپوست، 20%= F6 حجمی کود گاوی و 40%= F7حجمی کود گاوی می باشند. نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد که استفاده از کود های آلی به طور معنی داری باعث بهبود خصوصیات کمّی و کیفی ریحان می شود. تیمار های کود آلی تاثیر معنی داری بر اغلب صفات مورد اندازه گیری داشتند و کلیه صفات مورد بررسی را در مقایسه با شاهد افزایش دادند. به طوری که، بیشترین مقادیر صفات اندازه گیری شده، به جز وزن هزار دانه، در ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی، تعداد دانه در بوته، وزن خشک، درصد و عملکرد اسانس تحت تاثیر تیمار 40% ورمی کمپوست و کمترین آنها در تیمار شاهد حاصل گردیدند. همچنین، نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد که افزایش مقدار کود مصرفی از 20 درصد به 40 درصد برای هر یک از کود های ورمی کمپوست، کمپوست و کود گاوی موجب افزایش ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی، تعداد دانه در بوته، وزن خشک و درصد اسانس شد. به طورکلی، کاربرد کود های آلی در مقایسه با عدم مصرف آنها منجر به حصول عملکرد کمّی و کیفی مطلوبی در گیاه ریحان گردید که نشان می دهد که کاربرد آنها در راستای نیل به اهداف کشاورزی پایدار می باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

To evaluation the effect of manure, compost and vormicompost on yield and yield components of basil (Ocimum basilicum), a pot experiment was carried out as completely randomized design with three replications in Zabol, Sistan, in 2013. Bio fertilizer treatments consisted of seven levels: F1= control (no fertilizer), F2= 20% vormicompost, F3= 40% vormicompost, F4= 20% compost, F5= 40% compost, F6= 20% manure and F7= 40% manure. Traits measured were plant high, number of branches, number of seeds per plant, dry weight, essence content and yield. The results showed that the use of bio fertilizer significantly improved the quantity and quality basil characters. Treatments had a significant effect on most of the measured traits and increased all of the traits as compared to thos of control. Thus, with the exceotion of 1000 grain weight, highest amounts were obtained for plant height, number of branches, number of seeds per plant, dry weight, essence content and essence yield by using 40% vormicompost and lowest to those of control treatment. Our results also showed that increasing vermicompost, compost and manure from 20% to 40% increased plant height, number of branches, number of seeds per plant, dry matter and essence percent. Generally, the use of organic fertilizers, as compared with not using them, produced optimum quality and quantity of basil. As a whole, it can be said that using bio fertilizers may help to achieve sustainable agriculture goals.

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