مقایسه عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی ارقام گندم تحت تأثیر قطع آبیاری در منطقه شهریار

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

رضا افشاریان زاده ¹ , اسلام مجیدی هروان ² , محمد نصری ³ , حسین حیدری شریف آباد ⁴ , قربان نورمحمدی ⁵

1 - دانشجوی دکترا، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی علوم تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران
2 - استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی علوم تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران
3 - دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ورامین- پیشوا، ورامین، تهران، ایران
4 - استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی علوم تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران
5 - استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی علوم تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/06/01 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/01/25 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/03/01

کلید واژه: عملکرد, تنش خشکی, گندم, ارقام, خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی,

چکیده مقاله :

این تحقیق به منظور بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف قطع آبیاری بر عملکرد و خصوصیات کمی و کیفی ارقام گندم در سال زراعی 97-1396 در منطقه شهریار به صورت کرت های خرد شده (اسپیلت پلات) در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با دو عامل قطع آبیاری و ارقام در 63 تیمار و سه تکرار انجام شد. عامل اصلی تیمارهای آبیاری در سه سطح شامل؛ آبیاری معمول I0، قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی (براساس مقیاس زادوکس، شروع گلدهی گندم با کد 61 (گلدهی سنبلچه های وسط سنبله) و اتمام گلدهی با کد 69 (گلدهی تمام سنبلچه های سنبله) I1، قطع آبیاری در مرحله پر شدن دانه (اولین گره قابل رویت است با کد73 تا ظهور کامل سنبله کد94) I2 و 21 رقم به عنوان عامل فرعی شامل ارقام؛ چمران، استار، سیروان، سیوند، ارگ، پارسی، برات، نارین، حیدری، افق، رخشان، بهاران، سپاهان، افلاک، میهن، زارع، گنبد، اروم، سایسون، گاسکوژن، مهرگان بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که وزن هزاردانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد کل، هدایت روزنه ای، دمای کانوپی، پرولین برگ، پایداری غشای سلولی،گلوتن دانه، آنزیم آنتی اکسیدانت SOD و بیو مارکر تخریب MDA تحت تأثیر اثرات اصلی سطوح قطع آبیاری و ارقام و اثرات متقابل تیمار ها قرارگرفتند و اختلافات به وجود آمده در سطح یک و پنج درصد معنی دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه ( kg.ha-1)10857.2، عملکرد کل 44092.8 (kg.ha-1 ) و هدایت روزنه ای 236.08 (mmolH2o.m-2.s-1 ) از تیمار آبیاری معمول و رقم رخشان و کمترین عملکرد دانه 1467.9 (kg.ha-1)، عملکرد کل11496.7 (kg.ha-1) و هدایت روزنه ای 44.81 (mmolH2o.m-2.s-1 ) از تیمار قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی و رقم افق با حاصل شد. قطع آبیاری در مرحله پر شدن دانه رقم افق بیشترین دمای کانوپی (0C) 19.827 و پرولین برگ 0.994 (µg.gFw) ) و کمترین دمای کانوپی 13.126 (0C ) و پرولین برگ 0.416 (µg.gFw) پایداری غشای سلولی 171.14 (µmos.cm ) از آبیاری معمول در رقم رخشان به دست آمد. بیشترین آنزیم سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز 19.06 (U/mgprotein) و مالون دی آلدئید 40.68 (ηmol.gFw-1) مربوط به قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی رقم گاسگوژن بود. نتایج نشان داد ارقام متحمل به خشکی کمتر تحت تأثیر تنش خشکی قرار گرفتند و با تولید کمتر مواد آلی مانند پرولین و آنزیم ها و بیومارکرهای تخریب، میزان عملکرد را در سطح قابل قبولی حفظ کردند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of cut irrigation on yield and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of cultivars wheat in the crop year 2017-18 in Shahriar region. This research was carried out as split plots design a randomized complete block with two cut irrigation and cultivars factors in 63 treatments and three replications. The main factor of irrigation treatment in three levels including: normal irrigation I0, cut irrigation in flowering stage I1 and cut irrigation in grain filling stage I2 and cultivars in 21 levels as a sub-factor including; Chamran, star, Sirvan, Sivand ,Arg, Parsi, Barat, Narin, Heidary, Ofogh, Rakhshan, Baharan, Sepahan, Aflak, Mihan, Zare, Gonhad, Orum, Saison, Gascogen and Mehregan. The results of analysis of variance showed that 1000-seed weight, grain yield, total yield, stomatal conductance, canopy temperature, leaf proline, cell membrane stability, grain gluten, SOD antioxidant enzyme and MDA degradation biomarker were affected by the main effects of irrigation levels and cultivarsand interactions were significant at the level of 5% and 1%. The highest grain yield (10857.2 kg.ha-1), total yield (44092.8 kg.ha-1) and stomatal conductance (236.08 molH2o. m2.s-1) were allocated to Normal irrigation and Rakhshan cultivar treatment. The lowest grain yield (1467.9 kg.ha-1), total yield (11496.7 kg.ha-1) and stomatal conductance (44.81 mmolH2o.m2.s) were obtained from cut irrigation at flowering stage and Ofogh cultivar treatment. However cut irrigation treatment at flowering stage and Ofogh cultivar obtained the highest canopy temperature (19.827 C), proline leaf (0.994 µg.gFw-1) and the lowest canopy temperature (13.126 C), leaf proline (0.416 µg.gFw-1) and cell membrane stability (171.14 µmos.cm) was observed from normal irrigation and Rakhshan cultivar treatment. The highest antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase SOD (19.06 U.mgprotein) and MDA (40.68 Ƞmol. gFw-1) were achieved from cut irrigation at flowering stage and Gasgogen cultivar treatment. The results showed that the tolerant cultivars were less affected by drought stress. And by less producing organic matter such as proline and degrading enzymes and biomarkers, they maintained their yield at an acceptable level.

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