تأثیر پتاسیم و متیل جاسمونات برخصوصیات عملکردی و فیزیولوژیک ذرت علوفه¬ای (Zea mays L.)رقم NS6010 در شرایط تنش کم¬آبی در منطقه نیشابور
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیعلیرضا بیگی 1 , فرشاد قوشچی 2 * , حمیدرضا توحیدی مقدم 3 , پورنگ کسرایی 4
1 - گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد ورامین-پیشوا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
2 - گروه کشاورزی، واحد ورامین-پیشوا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ورامین، ایران
3 - دانشگاه آزاد- ورامین
4 - گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد ورامین-پیشوا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
کلید واژه: اسمولیت, خشکی, رنگدانه, کربوهیدرات, ذرت, پتاسیم, متیل جاسمونات, عملکرد علوفه.,
چکیده مقاله :
این تحقیق به منظور بررسی تاثیر پتاسیم و متیل جاسمونات برخصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیک و عملکرد ذرت علوفه¬ای در شرایط تنش کم¬آبی به صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک¬های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در منطقه نیشابور در تابستان سال 1398 به اجرا در آمد. عامل¬های آزمایشی شامل تنش کم¬آبی بعنوان عامل اصلی در سه سطح شامل مصرف 25، 40 و 55 درصد رطوبت قابل استفاده خاک و سپس آبیاری تا حد ظرفیت زراعی (به ترتیب آبیاری مطلوب، تنش ملایم و شدید کم¬آبی)، کود پتاسیم در سطوح شاهد (صفر)، تیمار 100 و تیمار 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار و متیل جاسمونات در سطوح شاهد (صفر)، تیمار 50 و تیمار 100 میکرومولار به عنوان عوامل فرعی به صورت فاکتوریل اعمال گردید. بیشترین مقادیر کلروفیل کل (47/2 میلی¬گرم در گرم وزن تازه)، شاخص سطح برگ (95/4) و وزن خشک علوفه (37838 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در آبیاری مطلوب و مصرف 200 کیلوگرم سولفات پتاسیم بدست آمد. تنش شدید کم¬آبی موجب کاهش 7/2، 4/2، 8/43 و 7/48 درصدی به ترتیب در صفات محتوی نسبی آب برگ، کاروتنوئید، وزن خشک برگ و قندهای محلول نسبت به آبیاری مطلوب شد. مصرف 200 کیلوگرم سولفات پتاسیم بیشترین کاروتنوئید (43/0 میلی¬گرم در گرم وزن تازه)، وزن خشک برگ (1/177 گرم در متر مربع)، قندهای محلول برگ (6/528 میلی¬گرم در گرم وزن تازه) و پروتئین برگ (22/%8) در این تیمار بدست آمد. در بین سطوح متیل جاسمونات نیز، غلظت 100 میکرومولار بیشترین تأثیر را در صفات مورد بررسی داشت. به طور کلی مشخص شد که اعمال تیمارهای پتاسیم و متیل جاسمونات موجب تعدیل اثرات منفی تنش کم¬آبی شد و این تعدیل با افزایش غلظت تیمارهای پتاسیم و متیل جاسمونات افزایش یافت. پيشنهاد مي¬شود به منظور دستيابي به حداكثر عملكرد علوفه، رقم NS6010 بدون تنش آبی در شرايط اقليمي نیشابور کشت شود.
This research was carried out in order to investigate the effect of potassium and methyl jasmonate on the morphophysiological characteristics and yield of forage corn under water deficit conditions in Neishabur region in 2019. The experimental factors was conducted as a split factorial plot in a randomized complete block design include irrigation regimes as the main factor in three levels, including consumption of 25, 40 and 55% of available soil water and then irrigation up to the field capacity (named as a well-watered, moderate and severe water deficit stress, respectively), potassium fertilizer as the secondary factor was applied at three levels of 0 kg.ha-1, 100 kg.ha-1 and 200 kg.ha-1, and methyl jasmonate was applied as another factor at 0 µM, 50 µM and 100 µM. The results showed that the highest amounts of total chlorophyll (2.47 mg.g-1 FW), leaf area index (4.95), forage dry weight (37838 kg.ha-1) and forage potassium content (215.5 %) were obtained in well-watered irrigation and 200 kg potassium sulfate ha-1 and with increasing in water deficit severity, the above values were reduced. Severe water deficit stress causes a decrease of 2.7%, 2.4%, 43.8%, 48.7% and 23.9%, respectively, in relative water content of leaf, carotenoids, leaf dry weight, soluble sugars and leaf protein compared to well-watered. Among the fertilizer treatment, 200 kg potassium sulfate ha-1 had the highest relative water content of leaf (72.9%), carotenoid (0.43 mg.g-1 FW), leaf dry weight (177.1 g.m-2), leaf soluble sugars (528.6 mg.g-1 FW) and protein (8.22%). Also, among the methyl jasmonate levels, the concentration of 100 μM had the greatest effect. In general, it was found that the application of potassium and methyl jasmonate treatments moderated the negative effects of water deficit and this adjustment increased with the increase in the concentration of potassium and methyl jasmonate treatments. Indeed, it is suggested to growing NS6010 variety without water deficit stress in Neyshabur climatic conditions in order to achieve the maximum fodder yield.
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