تاثیر کودهای زیستی همراه با گوگرد بر خصوصیات مورفولوفیزیولوژیکی وعملکرد سیر (Allium sativum L.) در شرایط مزرعه
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
سید فاضل فاضلی کاخکی
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حسین رضوانی
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نسترن همتی
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1 - استادیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران
2 - استادیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران.
3 - دکتری گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
کلید واژه: باکتری حل¬کننده فسفات, فتوسنتز, کود زیستی, گوگرد,
چکیده مقاله :
سیر بعد از پیاز، دومین محصول پیازی است که به¬واسطه ترکیبات دارویی مورد توجه مصرف¬کنندگان قرار دارد. وجود انعطاف¬پذیری زیستی بالا در این گیاه سبب شده است که کاشت این گیاه در اکثر مناطق معتدل و خنک در ایران متداول شود. به¬منظور بررسی تاثیر ریزموجودات خاک¬زی تثیبت¬کننده نیتروژن و حل¬کننده فسفات به همراه گوگود و سویه خالص باسیلوس سابتلیس بر صفات مورفوفیزولوژیکی و عملکرد سیر، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک¬های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی مشهد در سال زراعی 99-98 انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل کودهای زیستی 1) نیتروکسین: ازتوباكتر (Azotobacter sp.)، آزوسپيريلوم (Azospirillum sp.)، آنتروباکتر (Entrobacter Cloacea)، 2) بیوفسفر (حاوی باکتری‌های حل‌کننده فسفات جنس باسیلیوس¬ها و سودوموناس)، 3) باکتری سویه خالص باسیلوس سابتلیس، گوگرد و شاهد بود. نتایج نشان داد که گیاه سیر پاسخ مثبتی به کاربرد باکتری باسیلوس سابتلیس نشان نداد. بیشترین وزن تر ساقه (6/50 گرم) از تیمار حاوی باکتری¬های سودوموناس به¬دست آمد. بیشترین وزن تر و وزن خشک برگ (به¬ترتیب با مقادیر 1/39 و 37/6 گرم در بوته) تحت تاثیر کودهای حاوی باکتری نیتروکسین تولید شد. همچنین، کاربرد کودهای حاوی باکتری¬های ازتوباکتر و آزوسپیریلوم، افزایش 34 درصدی وزن سیر در بوته در مقایسه با شاهد داشت. کاربرد کود زیستی حاوی باکتری¬های حل¬کننده فسفات بیشترین تعداد سیرچه، وزن سیر در بوته و عملکرد سیر (11760 کیلوگرم در هکتار) را داشت. بیشترین میزان فتوسنتز (μCO2mol.m-2.s-1 9/17)، هدایت روزنه¬ای (mmolH2Om-2.s-1 251/0) و مقدار Ci (μmol CO2 m-2s-1 246) از تاثیر کود حاوی باکتری¬های حل کننده فسفات به¬دست آمد. به¬طورکلی، نتایج نشان داد که باکتری حل¬کننده فسفات و باکتری-های تثبیت¬کننده نیتروژن سبب بهبود صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و عملکردی سیر شد ولی بیشترین تاثیر از باکتری¬های سودوموناس و باسیلوس¬ها حاصل گردید.
Garlic is the second balbous product after onions, which is considered by consumers due to its medicinal compounds. This product has different functions with adaptation in different climates. Existence of high bio-flexibility in this plant has caused the planting of this plant in most temperate and cool regions in Iran. In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing soil microorganisms with sulphur fertilizer and pure Bacillus subtilis on morphophysiological and yield components of garlic (Allium sativum L.), an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in agriculture research and education center of Mashhad in 2020. Experimental treatments include bio fertilizers i) Nitroxin (Azotobacter sp., Azospirillum Azospirillum sp., Entrobacter Cloacea), ii) Biophosphate (PSB) (containing phosphate-solubilizing bacteria of the genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas), iii) Bacillus subtilis, iv) sulphur fertilizer and control. The results showed that garlic did not show a positive response to the use of Bacillus subtilis bacteria. The highest fresh weight of the stem (50.6 g) was obtained from the treatment containing Pseudomonas bacteria. The highest fresh weight and dry weight of leaves were significant under the influence of nitroxin fertilizers with 39.1 and 6.37 g.plant-1, respectively. Fertilizers containing Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Entrobacter Cloacea also had a 34% increase in garlic weight per plant compared to the control. Application of biofertilizer containing phosphate-solubilizing bacteria had the highest number of garlic, garlic weight per plant and garlic yield (11760 kg.ha-1). The highest amount of photosynthesis (17.9 μCO2mol.m-2.s-1), stomatal conductance (0.251 mmolH2Om-2.s-1) and Ci (246 μmol CO2 m-2.s-1) were obtain from Phosphate solubilizing bacteria. In general, the results showed that both phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria improved the morphophysiological and yield traits of garlic, but the greatest effect was obtained from Pseudomonas and Bacillus bacteria.
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