Effect of Bio-fertilizers with Sulfur on Morphophysiological and Yield Components of Garlic (Allium Sativum) in Field Conditions

Subject Areas : Journal of Crop Ecophysiology

seyyed fazel fazeli kakhki ^{1 *} , Hossein Rezvani ² , nastaran hemmati ³

1 - Assistant Professor, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Mashhad
2 - Assistant Professor of Agricultural Research and Training Center and Golestan Natural Resources, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran
3 - department of horticulture science, faculty of agriculture, ferdowsi university of iran

Received: 2022-04-16 Accepted : 2022-07-10 Published : 2024-06-21

Keywords: Biofertilizer, Phosphate solubilizing bacteria, Photosynthesis, Sulphur,

Abstract :

Garlic is the second balbous product after onions, which is considered by consumers due to its medicinal compounds. This product has different functions with adaptation in different climates. Existence of high bio-flexibility in this plant has caused the planting of this plant in most temperate and cool regions in Iran. In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing soil microorganisms with sulphur fertilizer and pure Bacillus subtilis on morphophysiological and yield components of garlic (Allium sativum L.), an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in agriculture research and education center of Mashhad in 2020. Experimental treatments include bio fertilizers i) Nitroxin (Azotobacter sp., Azospirillum Azospirillum sp., Entrobacter Cloacea), ii) Biophosphate (PSB) (containing phosphate-solubilizing bacteria of the genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas), iii) Bacillus subtilis, iv) sulphur fertilizer and control. The results showed that garlic did not show a positive response to the use of Bacillus subtilis bacteria. The highest fresh weight of the stem (50.6 g) was obtained from the treatment containing Pseudomonas bacteria. The highest fresh weight and dry weight of leaves were significant under the influence of nitroxin fertilizers with 39.1 and 6.37 g.plant-1, respectively. Fertilizers containing Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Entrobacter Cloacea also had a 34% increase in garlic weight per plant compared to the control. Application of biofertilizer containing phosphate-solubilizing bacteria had the highest number of garlic, garlic weight per plant and garlic yield (11760 kg.ha-1). The highest amount of photosynthesis (17.9 μCO2mol.m-2.s-1), stomatal conductance (0.251 mmolH2Om-2.s-1) and Ci (246 μmol CO2 m-2.s-1) were obtain from Phosphate solubilizing bacteria. In general, the results showed that both phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria improved the morphophysiological and yield traits of garlic, but the greatest effect was obtained from Pseudomonas and Bacillus bacteria.

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