اثر ذهن گاهی بر کارکرد اجرایی ورزشکار نوجوان
محورهای موضوعی : روانشناسی ورزشی
شیوا مولوی نیا
1
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فهیمه سپهری
2
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رخساره بادامی
3
1 - دانشکدة تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی،واحد اصفهان(خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران
2 - دانشکدة تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی،واحد اصفهان(خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران
3 - استاد رفتار حرکتی، دانشکدة تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی،واحد اصفهان(خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران
کلید واژه: ذهن آگاهی, کارکرد اجرایی, خصوصیات روانشناختی, ورزشکار, نوجوان.,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف : موفقیت ورزشی، متأثر از تواناییهای متعددی است که در ابعاد روانشناختی، جسمانی، شناختی و مهارتی دربرمیگیرد. کارکرد اجرایی اصطلاحی است که برای تعریف تعدادی از فرآیندهای شناختی که برای موفقیت در زندگی روزمره مهم هستند استفاده میشود. خودآگاهی، تواناییتمرکز بر افکار و رفتار و خودتنظیمی، توانایی مدیریت واکنشهای عاطفی و رفتاری، حافظهکاری، توجه و کنترل بازدارنده از اجزای مهم عملکرد اجرایی هستند. هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر ذهنآگاهی بر کارکرد اجرایی ورزشکار نوجوان بود.
روش پژوهش: پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعه اقدام پژوهی با مراحل پیشآزمون- پسآزمون بود. این پژوهش مطابق با نیاز و مشکلات شناختی ورزشکاران نوجوان انجام شد. 21 ورزشکار نوجوان پسر با دامنه سنی 11 تا 13 سال، از یک آکادمی تخصصی فوتبال که در ليگ برتر شهرستانهای اصفهان حضور داشتند، به عنوان شرکت کننده انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات شامل آزمون انبک (N-Back) بود. برای تجزیه و تحليل اطلاعات از آمار توصيفی و آمار استنباطی استفاده شد.
یافتهها: یافتهها نشان میدهد که تحلیل چند متغیره برای اثر زمان در کارکرداجرایی فوتبالیستهای نوجوان معنیدار به دست آمدهاست (001/0>p). این یافتهها نشان میدهد که تغییرات نمرات هر هفت بار آزمون در طی کارکرداجرایی فوتبالیستهای نوجوان با هم تفاوت معنیداری نشان دادهاند. یافتههای پژوهش حاضر همسو با تحقیقات قبلی مشخص کردهاست که آموزش برنامهریزی راهبردی، انعطاف شناختی، برنامهریزی و خودنظمدهی، بازداری انتخابی، هدفمداری، ذهنآگاهی و مهارتهای روانی منجر به تقویت کارکردهای اجرایی و فرآیندهای شناختی میگردد.
نتیجهگیری: با توجه ادبیات پژوهشی میتوان پیشبینی کرد از طریق آموزش مستقیم و غیرمستقیم کارکردهای اجرایی فوتبالیستهای نوجوان بهبود مییابد. ارتقاء کارکرداجرایی به روش غیر مستقیم با استفاده از برنامههای متمرکز بر کاهش استرس، افزایش ارتباطات اجتماعی، تنظیم خواب و در نهایت انجام فعالیت بدنی صورت میگیرد. با توجه به تاثیرگذاری غیرمستقیم آموزش تمرین ذهنآگاهی بر روی کارکرداجرایی مداخلات بیشتری در زمینه ورزشکاران رشتههای تیمی و انفرادی پرداختهشود.
Objective: Sports success is affected by many abilities that include psychological, physical, and cognitive and skill dimensions. Executive function is a term used to define a number of cognitive processes that are important for success in everyday life. Self-awareness, the ability to focus on thoughts and behavior and self-regulation, the ability to manage emotional and behavioral reactions, working memory, attention and inhibitory control are important components of executive function. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of mindfulness on the executive function of adolescent athletes.
Methods: The current research was an action research study with pre-test-post-test stages. This research was conducted according to the needs and cognitive problems of adolescent athletes. 21 male adolescent athletes with the age range of 11 to 13 years were selected as participants from a specialized football academy who participated in the premier league of Isfahan cities. The data collection tool included the N-Back test. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.
Results: The findings show that the multivariate analysis for the effect of time on the executive function of teenage soccer players was significant (p<0.001). These findings show that the changes in the scores of all seven times of the test during the executive function of the teenage soccer players have shown a significant difference. The findings of the current research, in line with previous researches, have determined that the training of strategic planning, cognitive flexibility, planning and self-regulation, selective inhibition, goal orientation, mindfulness and psychological skills lead to strengthening the functions of implementation and cognitive processes.
Conclusions: According to the research literature, it can be predicted that through direct and indirect training, the executive functions of adolescent football players will improve. The improvement of executive function is done in an indirect way by using programs focused on stress reduction, increasing social communication, regulating sleep and finally doing physical activity. Considering the indirect effect of mindfulness training on executive function, more interventions should be done in the field of team and individual athletes.
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