تاثیر کود بیوچار و محلول‌پاشی هیومیک اسید بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی چای ترش (Hibiscus sabdariffa)

محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی

سیده فاخته سجادی ¹ ('گروه علوم باغبانی، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران.)
حمید مدنی ² (گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران.)
نورعلی ساجدی ³ (گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران.)
سعید چاوشی ⁴ (گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران.)
شهاب خاقانی ⁵ (گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/10/24 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/02/23 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/07/01

کلید واژه: اسانس.اسید هیومیک.بیوچار.چای ترش.زاویه هیو.شاخص قرمزی,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور بررسی تاثیر کود بیوچار و محلول‌پاشی هیومیک اسید بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی چای ترش، آزمایشی در مزرعه دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اراک در سال 1396-1397 و 1397-1398 به­صورت کرت­های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل بیوچار در 3 سطح عدم مصرف (شاهد)، 4 تن در هکتار و 8 تن در هکتار و فاکتور دوم محلول­پاشی با هیومیک اسید 82 درصد در 4 سطح عدم مصرف (شاهد)، 100، 200 و 300 میلی­گرم در لیتر بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر متقابل بیوچار و هیومک اسید بر عملکرد میوه معنی­دار بود. در تیمار مصرف 8 تن در هکتار بیوچار و مصرف 200 میلی­گرم در لیتر هیومیک اسید وزن تر اندام هوایی به­مقدار 1/465 گرم در بوته به­دست آمد که نسبت به عدم مصرف هر نوع کود 32 درصد افزایش نشان داد. در سطوح مختلف هیومیک اسید، مصرف 8 تن در هکتار موجب افزایش عملکرد میوه نسبت به تیمار عدم مصرف بیوچار و مصرف 4 تن در هکتار شد. اثر متقابل بیوچار و هیومک اسید بر شدت رنگ معنی­دار بود. در تیمار مصرف 8 تن در هکتار بیوچار و مصرف 100 میلی­گرم در لیتر هیومیک اسید شاخص قرمزی به­مقدار 67/14 به­دست آمد. در سطوح مختلف هیومیک اسید، مصرف 8 تن در هکتار موجب افزایش شاخص قرمزی شد. با توجه به اینکه در چای ترش شدت رنگ قرمز بیانگر میزان کیفیت محصول تولیدی می­باشد و مصرف هیومیک اسید به مقدار 300 میلی­گرم بر لییتر و بیوچار به­مقدار 8 تن در هکتار موجب افزایش این صفت و همچنین صفات عملکردی شد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In order to investigate the effect of biochar fertilizer and humic acid foliar application on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) a split plots experiment in a randomized complete block design was performed with three replications in the Research Field of Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch during 2017-2018 and 2018-2019. Experimental factors included 3 levels of biochar (non-consumption or control, 4 tons ha-1, and 8 tons ha-1) and the second factor of foliar spraying of humic acid 82% at 4 levels (non-consumption or control, 100 mg/l, 200 mg/l, and 300 mg/l. Interaction of biochar and humic significantly affected fruit yield. In the treatment with 8 t/ha biochar and 200 mg/l humic acid, the fresh weight of shoots was 465.1 g plant, showing an increase by 32% compared to the minimum value obtained from fertilizer control. At different levels of humic acid, consumption of 8 tons per hectare biochar always increased fruit yield compared to non-biochar treatment and consumption of 4 tons per hectare biochar. The interaction of biochar and humic acid on color intensity was significant. In the combined treatment of 8 tons per hectare of biochar and 100/l of humic acid, a red index of 14.67 was obtained. At different levels of humic acid, consumption of 8 tons per hectare biochar increased the red color index. Considering the fact that the intensity of red color in Roselle indicates the quality of the product, the consumption of 300 mg per liter humic acid and 8 tons per hectare biochar increased this trait, improving its functional traits.

منابع و مأخذ:

Ahmed, Y.M., Shalaby, E. A. and Shanan, N.T. (2011). The use of organic and inorganic cultures in improving vegetative growth, yield characters and antioxidant activity of roselle plants (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). African Journal of Biotechnology. 10(11): 1988-1996.

Aldesuquy, H., and Ghanem, H. (2015). Exogenous salicylic acid and trehalose ameliorate short term drought stress in wheat cultivars by up-regulating membrane characteristics and antioxidant defense system. Journal of Horticulture. 2:1-10.

Alvarez, S., and Sanchez-Blanco, M.J. (2015). Comparison of individual and combined effects of salinity and deficit irrigation on physiological, nutritional and ornamental aspects of tolerance in Callistemon laevis plants. Journal of Plant Physiology. 185: 65-74.

Bahamin, S., Koocheki, A., Nassiri Mahallati, M., and Behashti, S. (2021). Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on yield and nutrient efficiency indices in maize under drought stress. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences. 14(3): 675-690. (In Persian).

Bahamin, S., Koocheki, A., Nassiri Mahallati, M., and Beheshti, S. (2019). Effect of biological and chemical fertilizers of nitrogen and phosphorus on quantitative and qualitative productivity of maize under drought stress conditions. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences. 12(1): 123-139. (In Persian).

Bahamin, S., Parsa, S., and Ghoreishi, S. (2013). The Examination of Effects of Growth Stimulating and Salinity Bacteria on the Characteristics of Mentha spicata leaves. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production. 4 (9): 2119-2125.

Bahamin, S., Sohrab, M., Mohammad, A. B., Behroz, K. T., and Qorbanali, A. (2014). Effect of bio-fertilizer, manure and chemical fertilizer on yield and reproductive characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). International Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Science. 3(1): 36-43.

Biederman, L.A., and Stanley Harpole, W. (2013). Biochar and its effects on plant productivity and nutrient cycling: a meta-analysis. GCB Bioenergy. 5(2). Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 24:202–214.

Brennan, A., Moreno, E., Jose, J.N., Alburquerque, A., Knapp, C.W., and Switzer, C. (2014). Effect of biochar and activated carbon amendment on maize growth and the uptake and measured availability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Environmental Pollution. 28: 7963-7987.

Bruun, E.W., Hauggaard-Nielsen, H., Ibrahim, N., Egsgaard, H., Ambus, P., Jensen, P.A., and Dam-Johansen, K. (2011). Influence of fast pyrolysis temperature on biochar labile fraction and short-term carbon loss in a loamy soil. Biomass Bioenergy. 35:1182-1189.

Canellas, L.P., Silva, S. F., Olk, D.C., and Olivares, F.L. (2015). Foliar application of plant growth-promoting bacteria and humic acid increase maize yields. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 13: 131-138.

Carpenter, B.H. (2014). Biochar''s fitness as an amendment in bell pepper transplant and field production. Mater thesis, Digital Resipotory@IowaState University, Iowa. 2:23-31.

Cheng, Y., Cai, Z., Chang, S. X., Wang, J. and Zhang, J. (2012). Wheat straw and its biochar have contrasting effects on inorganic N retention and N₂O production in a cultivated Black Chernozem. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 48: 941-946.

Da-Costa-Rocha, L., Bonnlaender, B., Sievers, H., Pischel, I., and Heinrich, M. (2014). Hibiscus sabdariffa L. A phytochemical and pharmacological review. Food Chemistry. 165: 424-443.

Davarpanah, S., Tehranifar, A., Davarynejad, G. H., Abadia, J., and Khorasani, R. (2018). Effect of Humic Acid on Some Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Pomegranate (Punica granatumcv. Ardestani). Plant Production Technology. 10 (1): 69-81.

Dawoudian, J., Bahamin, S., and Tantoh, H.B. (2021). Environmental impact assessment of cement industries using mathematical matrix method: case of Ghayen cement, South Khorasan, Iran. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 28(18): 22348-22358.‏

El-Bassiony, Z.F.M., Fawzy, A.M., Abd El-Baky, M.H., and Mahmoud, A.R. 2010. Response of snap bean plants to mineral fertilizers and humic acid application. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences. 6(2): 169-175.

Fathi, A., and Bahamin, S. (2018). The effect of irrigation levels and foliar application (zinc, humic acid and salicylic acid) on growth characteristics, yield and yield components of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences. 11(3): 661-674. (In Persian).

Foladvand, F., Khoshkhabar, H., Naghdi, N., Hosseinabadi, M., Bahamin, S., and Fathi, A. (2017). The effect of sowing date and nitrogen on yield, and essential oil of German chamomile. Scientia Agriculturae. 19 (3): 85-92.

Hafeez, Y., Iqbal, S., Jabeen, K. h., Shahzad, S., Jahan, S., and Rasul, F. (2017). Effect of biochar application on seed germination and seedling growth of Glycine max (l.) merr. under drought stress. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 49(3): 7-13.

Hagemann, N., Joseph, S., Schmidt, H. P., Kammann, C.I., Harter, J., Borch, T., Young, R.B., Varga, K., Taherymoosavi, S., Elliott, K.W., McKenna, A., Albu, M., Mayrhofer, C., Obst, M., Conte, P., Dieguez-Alonso, A., Orsetti, S., Subdiaga, E., Behrens, S., and Kappler, A. (2017). Organic coating on biochar explains its nutrient retention and stimulation of soil fertility. Nat. Commun. 8, 1089-1098.

Haider, G., Koyro, H., Azam, F., Steffens, D., Müller, C., and Kammann, C. (2015). Biochar but not humic acid product amendment affected maize yields via improving plant-soil moisture relations. Plant and Soil, 395: 141-157.

Hakan, C., Katkat, A. V., Aşık, B. B. and Turan, M.A. (2010). Effect of foliar-applied humic acid to dry weight and mineral nutrient uptake of maize under calcareous soil conditions. Communications in soil science and plant analysis, 2010 Dec 7; 42(1): 29-38.

Hashemi, A., and Shahani, A. (2019). Effects of salt stress on the morphological characteristics, total phenol and total anthocyanin contents of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 24(2): 210–214.

Hassan Haider, H., Huthily Kadhim, H., and Mohsen Kareem, H. (2019). Effect of Humic Acid and Silicon on Some Growth Characteristics of Maize (Zea Mays L.). Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 32 (2): 23-32.

Heidari, M., and Khahlil, S. (2014). Effect of humic acid and phosphorus fertilizer on seed and flower yield, photosynthetic pigments and mineral elements concentration in sour tea (Hisbiscus sabdariffa L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science. 45(2): 191-199. (In Persian).

Hussain, A., Maqshoof, A., Zahid Mumtaz, M., Ali, S., Sarfraz, R., Naveed, M. and Jamil, M. (2020). Integrated application of organic amendments with Alcaligenes sp. AZ9 improves nutrient uptake and yield of maize (Zea mays L.). Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 34: 123-134.

Jing-min, Z., Shang-jun, X., Mao-peng, S., Bingyao, M., Xiu-mei, C., and Chunsheng, L. (2010). Effect of Humic Acid on Poplar Physiology and Biochemistry Properties and Growth under Different Water Level. Soil and Water Conservation. 41:67.89.

Jones, C.A., Jacobsen, J.S., and Mugaas, A. (2004). Effects of humic acid on phosphorus avaliability and spring wheat yield. Facts Fertilizer. 18: 32-36.

Joseph, S. D., Camps-Arbestain, M., Lin, Y., Munroe, P., Chia, C. H., Hook, J., VanZwieten, L., Kimber, S., Cowie, A., and Singh, B.P. (2010). An investigation into the reactions of biochar in soil. Australian Journal of Soil Research. 48: 501–515.

Juriga, M., and Simansky, V. (2018).  Effect of biochar on soil structure-Review. Acta Fytotechn Zootechn. 21, 11-19. 

Kardoni, F., Bahamin, S., Khalil Tahmasebi, B., Ghavim-Sadati, S., and Vahdani, S. (2019). Yield Comparisons of Mung-bean as Affected by Its Different Nutritions (Chemical, Biological and Integration) under Tillage Systems. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 13(49(1)): 87-102. (In Persian).

Karhu, K., Mattila, T., Bergström, I., and Regina, K. (2011). Biochar addition to agricultural soil increased CH4 uptake and water holding capacity-Results from a short-term pilot field study. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 140: 309-313.

Keshavarz Afshar, R., Hashemi, M., DaCosta, M., Spargo, J., and Sadeghpour, A. (2017). Biochar application and drought stress effects on physiological characteristics of Silybum. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 47(6):743-752.