تاثیر کیفیت نورمصنوعی بر رشد و ارزش غذایی ریزسبزی کلم بروکلی (var. italica. Brassica oleracea L)
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان داروییمحدثه مقیمی کندلوسی 1 , حسین مرادی 2 * , کامران قاسمی 3 , سیدحمیدرضا هاشمی پطرودی 4
1 - گیاهان دارویی، واحد ساری، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، ساری، ایران
2 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری،ساری، ایران
3 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری،ایران
4 - پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست فناوری کشاورزی طبرستان، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران
کلید واژه: آنتی اکسیدان, تابش, فتوسنتز, کلروفیل, کاروتنوئید, گیاه دارویی, مواد مؤثره,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی تأثیر کیفیت نور مصنوعی بر رشد و ارزش غذایی ریزسبزی(microgreens کلمبروکلی (Brassica oleracea var. italica) پژوهشی بصورت فاکتوریل با دو فاکتور برپایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتور اول در چهار سطح نوری با شدت نور 250 میکرومول بر متر مربع بر ثانیه(نورقرمز 660 نانومتر و نورآبی 440 نانومتر بصورت: R1B1: یک لامپ قرمز، یک لامپ آبی، R2B1: دولامپ قرمز یک لامپ آبی، R1B2: یک لامپ قرمز دولامپ آبی، R3B1: سه لامپ قرمز یک لامپ آبی) اعمال گردید. فاکتور دوم نیز زمان برداشت محصول بوده که در دو سطح ده روز پس از جوانه زنی(D1) و چهارده روز پس از جوانهزنی(D2) در نظرگرفته شد. مدت زمان روشنایی و تاریکی در محل پرورش گیاه به نسبت 8/16(تاریکی/روشنایی) بود. صفات اندازهگیری شده شامل وزنتر، وزن خشک، طول ساقهچه، طول برگ لپهای، عرض برگ لپهای و مقدار فنل، فلاونویید، درصد مهار رادیکال آزاد، کلروفیلa وb، کل و کارتنویید بودند. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین مقدار آنتی‌اکسیدان در تیمار اثر متقابل R3B1وD1 به مقدار737/72 درصد مهار مشاهده شد. از بین رنگیزههای فتوسنتری اثر متقابل تیمارها فقط بر کلروفیل b، در سطح احتمال 5 درصد معنیدار شد بطوریکه بیشترین مقدار کلروفیلb. در تیمار R2B1D1 به مقدار 224/0میلی گرم در گرم برگ تازه بدست آمد. همچنین اثر متقابل تیمارها بر مقدار ترکیبات فنلی در سطح یک درصد معنیدار شد و بیشترین مقدار فنل کل در تیمار R2B1D1 به مقدار 006/1 میلیگرم برگرم نشان داده شد. بیشترین مقدار فلاونوییدها نیز در برداشت روز دهم به مقدار023/0 میلیگرم درگرم برگ تازه بدست آمد. از بین صفات مورفولوژیک، کیفیت نور روی طول برگ لپهای تأثیرگذار نبود اما اثر معنیداری را بر عرض برگ لپهای نشان داد. بنابراین طبق نتایج حاصل شده باتوجه به اهداف مورد نظر میتوان از تیمارهای مختلف استفاده کرد.
Microgreens are defined as plants that harvest and consume in the first stages of true leaf growth when the cotyledon leaves are fully expanded. The increasing emphasis on improving the health level of the society has caused the products with high nutritional value and functional food to be considered very important. And in the future, nutritional agricultural products can find a special place in the food basket of the society. Therefore, in this research, the effect of the light spectrum and sulfur element nutrition for the production of sulfur-friendly microgreens such as broccoli has been studied in order to achieve a suitable combination treatment to increase both yield and nutritional value. This experiment was conducted as a factorial in the form of a completely randomized design with two factors and four replications under artificial light. The first factor, i.e. light spectrum, was investigated at four levels and the second factor, nutrition, harvest time at two levels (10 and 14 days). The light treatments included different ratios of red (R) and blue (B) light (R1B2, R1B1, R2B1, R3B1). The evaluated traits included morphological traits, biomass, photosynthetic pigments, total antioxidant, total phenol and total flavonoid. Statistical analysis of data was done using SAS 9.1 software and comparison of averages . The lowest amount of dry weight produced was obtained in R1B2 treatment, which was not significantly different from R1B1, but it was significantly lower than R2B1 and R3B1 treatments. Although the light quality did not affect the length of the cotyledon leaf, it had a significant effect on the width of the cotyledon leaf; So that the lowest cotyledon leaf width was seen in the R1B2 treatment, which was significantly less than the other three light treatments. R1B2 treatment produced the lowest stem length, the difference with R1B1 was not significant, but it was significantly lower than the two treatments R2B1 and R3B1, which had dominant red light. The highest amount of chlorophyll b was obtained in R2B1 light treatment and harvesting on the 10th day, but in other light ratios where the amount of red light was increased or decreased, the amount of chlorophyll b also decreased. In chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll, which were only affected by the time of harvest, the amount of these two indicators was significantly higher on the 10th day than on the 14th day. Investigating the effect of light quality on the amount of carotenoids showed that R1B2 treatment, where the amount of blue light was predominant, the amount of this pigment was significantly lower than other light treatments. The lowest amount of total antioxidant activity was observed in the 10th day harvest and in R1B2 light treatment, which was significantly lower than all other treatments. The amount of total phenol in R2B1 light treatment with dominant red light and harvested on the 10th day was significantly higher than other treatments. The simple effect of harvesting time on the amount of total flavonoids was significant and its amount was significantly higher on the seventh day than on the tenth day. Overall, the results show that LED light with red light spectrum has a better effect on some traits, so different light combinations can be used depending on the producer's goal.
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